1. Remote Sensing of Water Cryosphere and MRR Update Spectral Properties of Water Measuring Chlorophyll Content Sea Surface Temperature ENSO Discussion For Next Class: Read Chapter 12 (pp. 428-435)

2. Cryosphere Update http://arctic.atmos.uiuc.edu/cryosphere/ http://ice-glaces.ec.gc.ca/App/WsvPageDsp.cfm?ID=1&Lang=eng

3. Absorption and Scattering Attenuation in Pure Water Scattering in the water column is important in the violet, dark blue, and light blue portions of the spectrum (400 - 500 nm). This is the reason water appears blue to our eyes. The graph truncates the absorption data in the ultraviolet and in the yellow through near- infrared regions because the attenuation is so great. Jensen, 2000

4. Water Penetration SPOT Band 1 (0.5 - 0.59 mm) green SPOT Band 2 (0.61 - 0.68 mm) red SPOT Band 3 (0.79 - 0.89 mm) NIR Palancar Reef Caribbean Sea Cozumel Island Jensen, 2000

5. Percent reflectance of algae-laden water with various concentrations of suspended sediment ranging from 0 - 500 mg/l Percent reflectance of algae-laden water with various concentrations of suspended sediment ranging from 0 - 500 mg/l Percent reflectance of clear and algae-laden water based on in situ spectroradiometer measurement. Note the strong chlorophyll a absorption of blue light between 400 and 500 nm and strong chlorophyll a absorption of red light at approximately 675 nm Han, 1997; Jensen, 2000 Han, 1997; Jensen, 2000 Percent Reflectance

6. Global Chlorophyll a (g/m 3 ) Derived from SeaWiFS Imagery Obtained from September 3, 1997 through December 31, 1997 Global Chlorophyll a (g/m 3 ) Derived from SeaWiFS Imagery Obtained from September 3, 1997 through December 31, 1997 Jensen, 2000

7. True-color SeaWiFS image of the Eastern U.S. on September 30, 1997 Chlorophyll a distribution on September 30, 1997 derived from SeaWiFS data Chlorophyll a distribution on September 30, 1997 derived from SeaWiFS data Jensen, 2000

8. Sea-surface Temperature (SST) Maps Derived from A Three-day Composite of NOAA AVHRR Infrared Data Centered on March 4, 1999 Adjusted to highlight nearshore temperature differences Adjusted to highlight Gulf Stream temperature differences Jensen, 2000

9. Composite Sea-surface Temperature (SST) Map of the Southeastern Bight Derived from AVHRR Data Jensen, 2000

10. Worldwide Sea-surface Temperature (SST) Map Derived From NOAA-14 AVHRR Data Worldwide Sea-surface Temperature (SST) Map Derived From NOAA-14 AVHRR Data Three-day composite of thermal infrared data centered on March 4, 1999. Each pixel was allocated the highest surface temperature that occurred during the three days. Three-day composite of thermal infrared data centered on March 4, 1999. Each pixel was allocated the highest surface temperature that occurred during the three days. Jensen, 2000

11. Reynolds Monthly Sea-surface Temperature (˚C) Maps Derived from In situ Buoy and Remotely Sensed Data Reynolds Monthly Sea-surface Temperature (˚C) Maps Derived from In situ Buoy and Remotely Sensed Data Normal December, 1990 Normal La Nia La Niña December, 1988 La Nia La Niña December, 1988 El Nio El Niño December, 1997 December, 1997 El Nio El Niño December, 1997 December, 1997 Jensen, 2000

12. ENSO Animations http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/MJO /enso.shtmlhttp://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/MJO /enso.shtml http://nsipp.gsfc.nasa.gov/enso/visualizations/

15. El Niño (Warm Phase ENSO)

22. 1997 e-mail from Anton Seimon in Peru

23. ENSO Links http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_mo nitoring/enso_update/sstanim.shtml http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_mo nitoring/enso_update/sstanim.shtml http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_mo nitoring/enso_update/sstanim.shtml http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_mo nitoring/enso_update/sstanim.shtml http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_mo nitoring/enso_advisory/ensodisc.html http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_mo nitoring/enso_advisory/ensodisc.html http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_mo nitoring/enso_advisory/ensodisc.html http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_mo nitoring/enso_advisory/ensodisc.html http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2009/2009101 5_winteroutlook.html http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2009/2009101 5_winteroutlook.html http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2009/2009101 5_winteroutlook.html http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2009/2009101 5_winteroutlook.html

25. 1982-83 El Niño1997-98 El Niño 1998-99 La Niña