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Published byPhoebe Phillips Modified over 9 years ago
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Nationalism incorporated culture into music. Until now, French, German, and Italian music dominated.
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THE MIGHTY FIVE Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908) Wrote “Scheherazade” and “Cappriccio Espagnol” Modest Mussorgsky (1839-1881) Alexander Borodin (1833-1887) Cesar Cui (1835-1918) Mily Balakirev (1837-1910)
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Wanted to promote Russian music Used native instruments, folklore, legends, history, and folksongs. The Mighty Five EXCLUDED Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) because he was too cosmopolitan.
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Composed The Nutcracker, Swan Lake, 1812 Overture
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Impressionism avoids clear lines, is blurred, and subtle. It is connected to art – impressionistic paintings by Monet, van Gogh, etc.
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Claude Debussy (1862-1918) Born in Paris, France Studied piano and composition at the Paris Conservatory Maurice Ravel (1875-1937) Studied composition at the Paris Conservatory Was denied the Prix de Rome FOUR times and was outraged Drove the ambulance at the front lines of WWI Friends with George Gershwin (jazz influence)
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Neoclassicism New music inspired by the Baroque and Classical periods
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(1882-1971) Born in St. Petersburg, Russia Father was a bass in the St. Petersburg opera, but urged Stravinsky to pursue a more practical career. Stravinsky studied law, then composition at the St. Petersburg Conservatory with Rimsky-Korsakov.
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Composed for the Ballet Russe (important ballet company in Russia) Escaped to Switzerland during the war 1920 – Lived in France 1939 – WWII (death of his daughter, wife, and mother) Moved to the US to lecture at Harvard After 1 year, he moved to LA, became a US citized in 1945. 1969 – Moved to NYC (died there)
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Wrote many ballets including: Rite of Spring Firebird
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Atonal Music Rejection of Impressionism Expressed one’s “inner world” as described by Freud Main Composer was Arnold Schoenberg (1874- 1951)
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Born in Vienna Violin, Composed He was self-taught Served in WWI Known for his 12 tone method – atonal, used 12 note tone rows 1925 – Professor at Berlin Academy of the Arts Compositions include string music, operas, piano music; “Pierrot Lunaire”
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Everyday sounds as music Never the same twice John Cage – wrote a piece called 4 min 33 sec
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George Gershwin (1898-1937) Russian-Jewish immigrant parents Born in Brooklyn, NY Excelled in sports 1910 – started piano lessons Jobs – earned $15/week playing piano and was a song plugger for Remick Music Co. Compositions – musical theater and jazz Porgy & Bess, Rhapsody in Blue, I Got Rhythm
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“I Got Rhythm”
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Aaron Copland (1900-1990) Born Brooklyn, NY Russian-Jewish Parents Studied music as a child, then in Paris 1924 – Returned to the US Wanted to compose music that would be identified as “Americana” and appeal to a variety of audiences Used Jazz and Folk Songs in his music “American Nationalism” Compositions include: Rodeo, Appalachain Spring, Fanfare for the Common Man, Billy the Kid
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Leonard Bernstein (1918-1990) Born in Massachusets Parents were Russian Immigrants Age 10 – piano, Age 13 – First piano recital and barmitzvah (dad gave him a baby grand piano) Music major at Harvard Met Aaron Copland (composition advisor) Studied at Curtis Institute in Philly (PA) Conductor of the NY Philharmonic and substitute conductor at Carnegie Hall Wrote West Side Story, ballets, Candide Died of cancer (smoker) in NYC in 1990
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