1. Dictators Threaten World Peace

2. Failures of the World War I Peace Settlement
Treaty of Versailles did not create a “just and secure peace”
Germans didn’t think it was fair-blamed them for 100% of war

3. Failures of the World War I Peace Settlement
Soviets lose some territories to create Poland, Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia

4. Failures of the World War I Peace Settlement
Did not make world safe for democracy
Democracies in Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, and Greece were weak
No democratic tradition

5. Failures of the World War I Peace Settlement
Some democracies collapsed and dictators seized power

6. Joseph Stalin Transforms the Soviet Union
Takes power in Soviet Union in 1924
Iron willed-nothing would stand in his way

7. Joseph Stalin Transforms the Soviet Union
Began industrial and agricultural restructuring

8. Joseph Stalin Transforms the Soviet Union
Began reforming Russia in 1927
Stamped out private enterprise

9. Joseph Stalin Transforms the Soviet Union
Human cost to plan amazing
Soviet Union turned into a massive police state
Anyone who criticized was arrested/sent to a forced labor camp/killed

10. Now You See Him…

11. Joseph Stalin Transforms the Soviet Union
1930’s-Stalin purged his own party
Labeled “enemies of the state” and executed
Stalin responsible for the deaths of approximately 8 to 13 million people

12. Rise of Fascism in Italy
Benito Mussolini establishing a totalitarian regime in Italy
Wanted to make Italy a great power in the world

13. Rise of Fascism in Italy
Unlike Stalin
Did not try to control farms and factories
Many in Italy feared Communism
So they supported Fascism instead

14. Rise of Fascism in Italy
1921-Mussolini created Fascist party
1922- Mussolini stages march on Rome with many of his Blackshirt followers

15. Rise of Fascism in Italy
Called himself Il Duce or The Chief
Extended Fascist control over every aspect of Italian life

16. The Nazis Take Over Germany
Adolf Hitler-rise to power similar to Mussolini

17. The Nazis Take Over Germany
Hitler soon became the party’s leader…or fuhrer
Laid out beliefs of Nazism in Mein Kampf

18. The Nazis Take Over Germany
Born in Austria-dreamed of uniting all German speaking people

19. The Nazis Take Over Germany
Inferior races-Jews, Slavs, and nonwhites, were fit only to serve the Aryans

20. The Nazis Take Over Germany
Nazis sought national expansion
Hitler believed Germany needed more lebensraum

21. The Nazis Take Over Germany
Great Depression helped Nazis come to power
million Germans unemployed
Many saw Hitler as their last hope

22. The Nazis Take Over Germany
Quickly dismantled Germany’s democratic Weimar Republic

23. Militarists Gain Control in Japan
Military leaders attempting to gain control of Japan

24. Militarists Gain Control in Japan
Japanese controlled Manchuria within months
Resource rich area
Size of Alaska

25. Militarists Gain Control in Japan
League of Nations investigated the situation
Report condemned Japan

26. Aggression in Europe
European Dictators noticed League of Nation’s failure to act

27. Aggression in Europe 1936-Hitler re-militarizes Rhineland
Signs Rome-Berlin Pact- creates formal alliance between Germany and Italy

28. Aggression in Europe Mussolini begins building new Roman Empire
1935-Italy conquers Ethiopia

29. Aggression in Europe Haile Selassie-ousted Ethiopian Emperor
Appealed to League for help
Nothing was done
He tells League “It is us today, it will be you tomorrow.”

30. U.S. Clings to Isolationism
America determined to avoid war

31. U.S. Clings to Isolationism
1935- Congress passes Neutrality Act- to keep U.S. out of wars

32. Neutrality Breaks Down
Spanish Civil War
Fascists led by Francisco Franco vs. elected govmt.

33. Neutrality Breaks Down
Hitler and Mussolini saw Spanish Civil War as practice for their military

34. Neutrality Breaks Down
Japan launches new attacks against China in 1937
Japan had never declared war on China
FDR refused to enforce neutrality legislation
U.S. sent aid to China
FDR against isolationism