1. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 1 Connections September 2013

2. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 2 Options to join optical fiber Detachable connection e.g. connectors Quasi-detachable connection e.g. mechanical splice Non-detachable connection e.g. fusion splice Connection technique

3. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 3 Which connection Choice depending on: Installation (indoor, outdoor, flexibility) Standard requirement Active component Environment/application (public, private) Connection technique based on: Availability of tools Capability installer Cost Cost effectiveness (business case and activity)

4. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 4 Non-detachable connection Fusion splice Cleave of both fiber ends Clamp and core alignment Glow discharge and lateral movement of the fiber

5. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 5 quasi-detachable connection Mechanical splice Cleave of both fiber ends Slide till contact and clamp Contact area with Index gel to reduce IL and RL

6. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 6 Connection with to connectors in an adapter Detachable connection Connector Adapter Connector

7. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 7 Detachable connection Single fiber connector alignment of one fiber in one connector Multi fiber connector alignment of several fiber in one connector

8. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 8 Sleeve Ferrule Fiber Sleeve Ferrule Principal 1-fiber connection Ferrule – Sleeve – Principle Detachable connection Fiber fixed in the ferrule and guided and aligned in the sleeve

9. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 9 Detachable connection Principal multi fiber connection Ferrule – Pin – Principle All fibers are fixed in one ferrule and aligned with guide pins. Ferrule Fiber Ferrule Pin

10. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 10 Ferrule Detachable connection Fixing fiber (glue and cured) Corrosion free and abrasion-resistant material Guides fiber concentric in sleeve Tolerances of hole Ø and eccentricity are parameter for production quality Ø 2.5mm or 1.25mm (1 fiber connector) Plastic composite (multi fiber connector)

11. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 11 Detachable connection Sleeve guides and aligns round ferrule fixing of connector (mechanical locking) Adaptation in platform/distributor Key to prevent relative rotation Adapter (1-fiber) e.g. E-2000

12. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 12 Attenuation mating cycles Detachable connection Sleeve - Zirconia ceramic Insertion loss 0.1 dB Mating durability >1000 cycles Static co-efficient of expansion (temperature) No corrosion

13. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 13 Attenuation Mating ciycles Sleeve - Phosphor Bronze Detachable connection Insertion loss 0.2 dB Mating durability >500 cycles Dynamic co-efficient of expansion (temperature) Corrosion possible

14. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 14 Detachable connection Mechanical guide of the ferrule fixing of connector (mechanical locking) Adaptation in platform/distributor Key to prevent relative rotation e.g. MPO Adapter (Multi fiber)

15. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 15 Detachable connection End face process Air gap Flat polish Convex polish (PC) Physical Contact Angled polish (APC) Angled Physical Contact)

16. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 16 4% reflection on each end face results in 0.36 dB of loss Flat polish – air gap Non - butting ferrules No physical contact Transmission specificationsIL < 1.0 dB RL ~ 15 dB

17. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 17 Radius 10 - 25 mm Convex polish – physical contact Butting ferrules Spherical physical contact (PC) Transmission specifications IL < 0.5 dB RL > 20 dB

18. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 18 Angled physical contact (APC) polish Butting ferrules Angled spherical physical contact Transmission specifications IL < 0.3 dB RL > 60 dB Radius 5 - 12 mm Angle 8°

19. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 19 Concentricity Tolerances and radial misalignment Core-cladding-excentricity Core-cladding tolerance not identical Cladding diameter Deviation of Ø Tolerance fiber in ferrule Fiber Ø tolerance - ferrule

20. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 20 max. 50° 0.6µm 1,4µm IL tuned max adjustable in 6 steps (60°) IL untuned max IL untuned > IL tuned Connector ‘tuning’ - Ablageverfahren

21. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 21 Detachable connectors SCE-2000STFCLCMT-RJMPO IEC 61754-4 61754-1561754-261754-1361754-2061754-1861754-7 fiber count1212 -24 Ferrule- material Ceramic Plastic compound GuideanceSleevePin Ferrule Ø2.5 mm 1.25 mm na Lock Push- pull Lever Bayon et Screw ed Lever Push- pull

22. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 22 Connector name and description TypeMeaningOriginator BiconicBi-ConicalAT&T SMASubMiniature AAmphenol FCFiber ConnectorNTT (Nippon Telephone and Telegraph) ST (BFOC)Straight TerminusAT&T (American Telephone & Telegraph) SCSubscriber ConnectorNTT (Nippon Telephone and Telegraph) LCLucent ConnectorAT&T (American Telephone & Telegraph) E-2000brand name?Diamond MT-RJMechanical Transfer Registered JackAMP MTPMultiple Termination Push-onJoint-Venture US-Conec (NTT, Corning and Fujikura) MPOMulti-Fiber Push-on add-on’s to connector name indicating mechanical properties -PCPhysical Contact -APCAngled Physical Contact (e.g. 8°)

23. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 23 More connector types MU LX.5 F-3000 TM DIN

24. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 24 ‚Old‘ connector type in LAN application FDDI ESCON SMA

25. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 25 Detachable connector – Quality Performance standardized in IEC 61753-1

26. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 26 Comparison – connection technique CriteriaDetachable quasi detachable not detachable Insertion loss [dB] 0,01 to < 0,750,1 to < 0,50,01 to < 0,2 Return loss [dB] < 25 to c 80< 40< 80 Field mounting ok Repeated disconnect and connect Very simple, no tools, no qualified staff simple, simple tools, trained staff expansive and complex tools, trained staff Reliability approx. 500 - 2000 cycles up to 10 times- Alignment principles Pins / Sleeve (mech.) V – groove (mech.) optical Contact fiber end Physical contact Index Gel between fiber end Fusion

27. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 27 POF

28. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 28 Obviously derived from GOF POF connection processes Mechanical splice technique Crimping or epoxy bonding SMA Type Fusion splice Thermal fusion Ultrasonic welding

29. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 29 POF connectors

30. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 30 Termination technique: adhesive & polishing Fiber fixed to ferrule by adhesive and polishing Epoxy  Two compounds  Precise dosage  Short time to fix after mixing  Curing necessary Anaerobic  Two compounds  No precise dosage  Time and curing less critical Ultra-violet  Single compound  Special connector (ferrule transmitting UV)  UV curing and power Pre-injected  Compound melting oven  Power for oven  No critical curing  Expiring connector (compound limited life)

31. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 31 Fiber mechanically fixed to ferrule and polishing Fiber mechanically retained inside ferrule and polishing Quick termination Same polishing Fiber mechanically fixed and no polishing Mechanical splice with pigtail (no polishing) Quick termination No polishing Termination technique: mech. crimping

32. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 32 POF termination technique

33. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 33 Cutting vs. polishing

34. Training_FO Connection_GB Page 34 SCR153179-020C / R3035611-1 db E-2000R30966 / R5045411-1 db STR153175-020C / R3035621-1 db FC? / ?1-1 db LCR153535-020C / R5012461-1 db MT-RJ? / ?1-1 db MPO? / R8093521-1 db FO csatlakozó / adapter minták