1. Writing on Formal and Informal Language

2. Stylistic features of informal/formal speech
Phonological Patterning
Alliteration, Assonance, Rhythm, Rhyme, Consonance, Onomatapaeia
Syntactic Patterning
Antithesis, Listing, Parallelism, Passive Voice, Nominalisation
Morphological Patterning
Affixation, Compounding
Lexical Choice and Semantic Patterning
Irony, Metaphor, Simile, Autonomy, Synonymy, Idiom, Denotation, Connotation, Euphemism, Dysphemism,
Stylistic Features of Informal Speech
Pauses, Repetition, False Starts, Repairs, Openings and Closings, Adjacency Pairs, Overlapping Speech, Interrogative Tags, Discourse Particles, Ellipsis, Self Correction, Contractions and reductions, Fillers

3. Discourse Features of Informal Language
Encouraging intimacy, solidarity, and equality
Maintaining positive face needs
Promoting linguistic innovation
Supporting in-group membership
Inclusive Language
Slang
Jargon- Supporting in-group membership and inclusive language
Neologisms- Promoting Linguistic Innovation and age specific Neologisms
Neologisms- Creating new words

4. Discourse Features of Formal Language
Reinforcing social distance and authority
Establishing expertise
Promoting social harmony and negotiating social taboos
Clarifying, manipulating and obfuscating
Use of titles, formal expression
Jargon
Promoting Social Harmony and negotiating social taboos
Euphemism
Clarifying, Manipulating and obfuscating
Double speak, euphemism

5. Conversation Strategies
Openings/Closings
Tag Questions
Getting/Holding the floor
Turn Taking
Adjacency Pairs
Managing Topics
Non- Fluency features
Silence
Accommodation
Backchannel signals
Minimal responses
Listening noises

6. Coherence and Cohesive Ties
Coherence: The semantic connections that exist within a text to make it meaningful; ie, if a text is coherent, it makes sense.
Cohesion: The linguistic connections and ties that exist between the words and sentences to give structure to a text.
Coherence and Cohesive Ties:
Deixis, Substitution, Ellipsis, Collocation, Repetition