1. Chemistry Review

2. Why is carbon found in all living things?

3. It has a valence of 4 and is common because it gives off and can take in four electrons.

4. Which four elements make up 96% of the body?

5. Carbon, hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen

6. What subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of the atom?

7. Protons and nuetrons

8. What do they represent?

9. The mass of the atom.

10. What is the difference between and element and a compound?

11. An element is made of all like atoms. A compound is made of two or more different atoms chemically combined with each other.

12. What does the atomic number of an element represent?

13. Both the numbers of protons and electrons in an atom.

14. What are isotopes?

15. Atoms with differing number of neutrons in them. They are mostly radioactive.

16. Where are the electrons of an atom housed?

17. In either orbits, electron clouds or shells

18. What are the differences between an ionic and a covalent bond?

19. Ionic transfers electrons. Covalent shares electrons

20. Is it possible to have more than one covalent bond within a moelcule?

21. Yes. There are double and triple covalent bonds.

22. Describe what a hydrogen bond is?

23. It is a weak bond between the H ions of two other molecules. Example, the attraction between two water molecules.

24. Give an example of mechanical energy being displayed in the body.

25. chewing

26. How do you know a chemical reaction has taken place?

27. A completely new substance is formed. Also, it will either give off heat, light, or is combusted.

28. What are the four main biomolecules of the body?

29. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

30. What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

31. Sugars (saccharides)

32. What is the ratio of H:C:O of carbohydrates?

33. 1:2:1

34. What is a monosaccharide?

35. A carbohydrate with only one sugar.

36. What are examples of carbohydrates?

37. What is a polymer?

38. A large molecule with many monomers attached.

39. What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated lipid?

40. An unsaturated lipid is usually liquid at room temperature and a saturated lipid is solid.

41. What allows protein molecules to be different from carbohydrates and lipids?

42. They contain nitrogen

43. Give examples of proteins

44. Hormones Enzymes

45. What is the main characteristic of the stages of proteins?

46. Primary=a chain of amino acids Secondary= a folded or helical chain Tertiary= sulfur bonds hold folded parts together Quaternary= a large globular structure

47. Name the main properties of water.

48. It is polar It has cohesion It is adhesive It has a high heat specificity It is evaporative

49. What is the definition of a solution.

50. The mixture of a solvent within a solute.

51. Why is water a good solvent

52. It is polar and most things dissociate in it.

53. What is the purpose of the pH scale?

54. To determine acidic and basic solutions.

55. A solution with a pH of 4 will contain how much hydoroxyl ions?

56. 10

57. What is the pH of blood?

58. Close to 7

59. A solution with a higher level of H ions is a(n)___________________.

60. acid

61. What is a lipid made of?

62. Glycerol and fatty acids

63. What are the monomers of nucleic acids?

64. Nucleotides They are made of a phosphate, sugar and a nitrogenous base

65. What are the four nitrogenous bases of a DNA molecule?

66. Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine

67. What is the function of nucleic acids?

68. DNA=blueprint code of all traits mRNA=carry codes to ribosome tRNA=transfer complimentary bases to mRNA

69. What are the monomers of proteins?

70. Amino acids