1. When you think of the word FAT what do you think of ?
Opening Questions:
When you think of the word FAT what do you think of ?
What happens to water on a duck’s back?
Why?

2. Opening Question Answers
2. Water rolls of their backs….

3. 3. The reason is that they have glands filled with oil on their tails…
As they clean themselves oil is transferred to their feathers

4. What do we know about oil and water?
They DO NOT mix
So the oil acts as a repellent or barrier to the water.

5. Learning Outcomes
1. Summarize the categories of
lipids
2. Provide examples of their biological functions

6. A. Lipids 1. All Lipids have 2 characteristics in common:
a. They are insoluble in water because they contain nonpolar hydrocarbon chains
b. They have hydrophobic functional groups
Water fearing

7. 2. Lipids make up molecules such as:
a. Fat ----
Bacon, lard and butter
b. oils ---
corn oil, olive oil….

8. 3. Lipids have two primary functions for the body:
a. Long term energy use---
b. Insulation

9. B. Fats and Oils---Long term energy storage
1. Fats and oils contain two subunit molecules (monomers)
a.GLYCEROL---MAIN TYPE
1. contains three OH- groups
2. These groups are polar
3. They are soluble in water

11. b. Fatty acids---MAIN TYPE
1. Only contains carbons and hydrogen (nonpolar)
2. Also has a carboxyl group attached at one end.
(Insoluble)

13. C. Formation of Fats and Oils
1. Fats and/or oils form when a carboxyl group of THREE fatty acids reacts with a OH group of a glycerol.
2. As a result a fat molecule is made as well as three water molecules.

14. COMPLEX LIPID b. The fat or oil that forms is called a TRIGLYCERIDE:
a. when WATER is created during a reaction remember this is called a dehydration synthesis reaction (Condensation Rxn)
b. The fat or oil that forms is called a TRIGLYCERIDE:
COMPLEX LIPID

16. 1. during the process remember 3 fatty acids attach to 1 glycerol molecule
2. Triglycerides can store a lot of energy
3. Thus the long term energy storage

17. D. Fatty Acids
Most fatty acid molecules contain carbon molecules
Fatty acids are categorized 2 ways:
a. unsaturated
b. saturated

18. E. Difference between Unsaturated and Saturated Fatty Acid
Unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds between some hydrogen and carbon molecules

19. 2. Because of this they stay liquid at room temperature… Example: Oils

20. Unsaturated Fat

21. Saturated fatty acids contain NO double bonds between some hydrogen and carbon molecules
Because of this they stay solid at room temperature…
Example: Butter

22. Saturated Fat

24. E. Trans fats
These are formed when hydrogen molecules are added to fatty acids to make them more saturated. (solid at room temp.)
Because of this… trans fats and saturated fats build up as plaque in your blood vessels.

25. 3. Plaque causes blood flow to slow and ultimately causes heart disease. 4. Unsaturated fats stay liquid at room temperature so they do not build up in the blood vessels

27. Trans fats-----Saturated Fats are BAD for you
Trans fats-----Saturated Fats are BAD for you. Unsaturated fats are good for you.

28. F. Phospholipid Molecules
COMPLEX LIPID
Very unique molecule
Main component of the cell membrane
Discuss in the next chapter

29. G. Waxes
COMPLEX LIPID 1. A wax molecule is made up of a long chain of fatty acid AND A long alcohol chain 2. Waxes are highly water proof

30. This characteristic allows them to be good for protecting organisms.
EXAMPLES
Earwax to keep microorganisms out
Leaves have a wax cuticle to keep moisture in.

31. H. Steroids
Steroids are very UNIQUE LIPID because they have a carbon skeleton made of four fused rings.

32. 2. They do not contain fatty acids 3
2. They do not contain fatty acids 3. But like other lipids…they are insoluble in water.

33. Types of steroids 2. Male hormones (testosterone)
1. Cholesterol: main component of animal cell membranes
2. Male hormones (testosterone)
3. Female hormones (estrogen)

34. b. Anabolic steroids are synthetically made steroids

36. WARNING:
They may built muscle
Internal Organs have a hard time breaking them down (unnatural)
So they destroy our internal organs
Liver…kidneys…

38. Wrap it up…

39. Lipids are used for long term energy and insulation.
Types are:
Fats
Oils
Waxes
Steroids

40. 3. There are two main tyoes of lipids: a. Glycerol b. Fatty Acids 4
3. There are two main tyoes of lipids: a. Glycerol b. Fatty Acids 4. There are three categories of Complex Lipids a. Trigycerides b. Phospholipids c. Waxes 5. The most unique lipids are Steroids