1. What you will learn about in this topic: 1.Common injuries 2.Treatment of injuries 3.The effect of injury on sports performance Injuries 2

2. Injuries 3 Learning objectives By the end of this presentation you should be able to: Understand the different types of sports injuries Describe the main types of injury found in sport Explain how to treat a range of minor injuries

3. Common injuries Common injuries are more complex than minor injuries and include: Strains Sprains Torn cartilage Fractures Dislocation Injuries 4

4. RICE The RICE procedure can be used to treat soft tissue injuries. Injuries 5 RICE stands for:

5. Injuries 6 Rest

6. Injuries 7 Ice

7. Injuries 8 Compression

8. Injuries 9 Elevation

9. Strains Strains are classed as soft tissue injuries and can happen when a muscle is twisted or wrenched. To avoid a strain, make sure you warm-up correctly! Injuries 10

10. However, strains can be difficult to avoid when an activity requires the performer to contract and relax a muscle quickly. Injuries 11

11. Sprain Sprains are damage to joints and are also classed as soft tissue injuries. Injuries 12 Sprains can happen when an ankle or a wrist is twisted suddenly, when a performer lands badly for example.

12. Torn cartilage Torn cartilage is a soft tissue injury and occurs when a joint is twisted excessively, usually when changing direction or pivoting at speed. Injuries 13

13. This commonly happens at the knee joint and is extremely painful when the joint is moved. Footballers usually suffer from this injury. The treatment for torn cartilage is RICE, although an operation may be necessary in severe cases. Injuries 14

14. Fractures Fractures are hard tissue injuries and occur when an excessive impact or force is put on the bone. This can happen from a blow or a twist. When a bone is fractured, the limb becomes immobile and there is extreme pain. Injuries 15

15. The area is tender and there may be swelling, leading to bruising. Keeping to the rules of the game and not tackling recklessly can reduce the risk of this injury. Injuries 16

16. Types of fracture Injuries 17 A closed/simple fracture is when the break of the bone is under the skin.

17. A compound/open fracture is when the broken end of the bone comes through the skin. This can cause complications as there is risk of infection from germs entering the body where the skin is broken. Injuries 18

18. A greenstick fracture is when pressure or impact buckles or bends a bone but only partially breaks it. This fracture is common in the developing bones of young children whose bones are quite springy. Injuries 19

19. A stress fracture is an incomplete fracture of the bone. It is caused by unusual, repeated stress. As the bone withstands the constant pressure of impact it tries to remodel itself but fails. As the osteoblasts become exhausted they become unable to cope with the demand. Injuries 20

20. As a result, small cracks are created in the weight-bearing bones, often referred to as hairline cracks. Injuries 21 The treatment for stress fractures is rest.

21. Joint injuries Injuries 22 Tennis elbow is an over-use injury at the elbow and can happen through too much use of tendons or playing with a racket with the wrong sized handle.

22. Dislocation is a hard tissue injury and occurs when a joint is moved outside of its designed range. They can occur at all major joints from a forceful blow and will look deformed and be extremely painful. The player will also have no control over movement in that area. Injuries 23

23. To treat a dislocation, make the person comfortable, leave the joint immobilized and get medical help. Never try to put the joint back yourself. Injuries 24 Dislocations are common in high- impact sports such as rugby, skiing and football.

24. Task To make a revision aid, divide an A4 sheet of paper into six sections by folding it. In each box write down a different injury and put only the key information about each injury on the sheet. Injuries 25

25. . Injuries 26 Exam questions 1. An athlete training for a marathon suffers pain in the lower leg as the foot impacts the ground. Explain what type of fracture this is, how it occurred and what treatment should be given.

26. Injuries 27 What you have learnt in this topic: 1.Common injuries 2.Treatment of injuries 3.The effect of injury on sports performance

27. Injuries 28 Learning objectives You should now be able to: Understand the different types of sports injuries Describe the main types of injury found in sport Explain how to treat a range of minor injuries