2. Acid-Base Neutralization Reactions Chem 12

3. Acid + Base  Salt + Water Orange juice + milk  bad taste Orange juice + milk  bad taste Evergreen shrub + concrete  dead bush Evergreen shrub + concrete  dead bush Under a pine tree + fertilizer  white powder Under a pine tree + fertilizer  white powder HCl + NaOH  NaCl + HOH HCl + NaOH  NaCl + HOH salt water

4. Acid-Base Neutralization Reactions HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq)  NaCl (aq) + H 2 O (l) The products of an acid-base neutralization reaction are a salt made up of the positive ion of the base (Na + ) and the negative ion (Cl - ) of the acid, and water. The products of an acid-base neutralization reaction are a salt made up of the positive ion of the base (Na + ) and the negative ion (Cl - ) of the acid, and water.

5. Remember, in writing the correct formula for the salt, the total positive charge of the ions in the salt must equal the total negative charge of the ions in the salt. Remember, in writing the correct formula for the salt, the total positive charge of the ions in the salt must equal the total negative charge of the ions in the salt. Make sure you write the correct formula for the products, salt and water first, then balancing the equation. Make sure you write the correct formula for the products, salt and water first, then balancing the equation.

6. The particles present in the HCl (aq) solution due to ionization are The particles present in the HCl (aq) solution due to ionization are HCl (g) + H 2 O (l)  H 3 O + (aq) + Cl - (aq) Or HCl (g)  H + (aq) + Cl - (aq) The particles present in the NaOH (aq) solution due to dissociation are The particles present in the NaOH (aq) solution due to dissociation are NaOH (aq)  Na + (aq) + OH - (aq)

7. Therefore, the ionic equation for the reaction is Therefore, the ionic equation for the reaction is H 3 O + (aq) + Cl - (aq) + Na + (aq) + OH - (aq)  Na + (aq) + Cl - (aq) + 2H 2 O (l) or H + (aq) + Cl - (aq) + Na + (aq) + OH - (aq)  Na + (aq) + Cl - (aq) + H 2 O (l)

8. If we remove the spectator ions, Na + (aq) and Cl - (aq), we are left with the net ionic equation for the acid-base neutralization reaction: If we remove the spectator ions, Na + (aq) and Cl - (aq), we are left with the net ionic equation for the acid-base neutralization reaction: H 3 O + (aq) + OH - (aq)  2H 2 O (l) Or H + (aq) + OH - (aq)  H 2 O (l)

9. Therefore, in an acid-base neutralization reaction we can see that it is the hydronium ion from the acid that reacts with the hydroxide ion from the base to produce neutral water. Therefore, in an acid-base neutralization reaction we can see that it is the hydronium ion from the acid that reacts with the hydroxide ion from the base to produce neutral water. Since the hydronium ion gives the acid its properties and the hydroxide ion gives the base its properties, the acid-base reaction has resulted in the neutralization of the properties of both the acid and the base. Since the hydronium ion gives the acid its properties and the hydroxide ion gives the base its properties, the acid-base reaction has resulted in the neutralization of the properties of both the acid and the base.

10. SAMPLE PROBLEM 1 For the acid-base neutralization of nitric acid, HNO 3(aq) and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2(aq), write the balanced: a) complete equation b) ionic equation c) net ionic equation

11. a) The complete balanced equation for the reaction is Ca(OH) 2(aq) + 2HNO 3(aq)  Ca(NO 3 ) 2(aq) + 2H 2 O (l)

12. b) The ionic equation is b) The ionic equation is Ca 2+ (aq) + 2OH - (aq) + 2H + (aq) + 2NO 3 - (aq)  Ca 2+ (aq) + 2NO 3 - (aq) + 2H 2 O (l)

13. c) The net ionic equation is 2OH - (aq) + 2H + (aq)  2H 2 O (l) 2OH - (aq) + 2H + (aq)  2H 2 O (l)

14. SAMPLE PROBLEM 2 For the acid-base neutralization of perchloric acid, HClO 4(aq), and potassium hydroxide, KOH (aq), write the balanced: a) complete equation b) ionic equation c) net ionic equation

15. a) The complete balanced equation for the reaction is HClO 4(aq) + KOH (aq)  KClO 4(aq) + H 2 O (l) b) The ionic equation is b) The ionic equation is H + (aq) + ClO 4 - (aq) + K + (aq) + OH - (aq)  K + (aq) + ClO 4 - (aq) + H 2 O (l) c) The net ionic equation is OH - (aq) + H + (aq)  H 2 O (l)