1. ARJ 21
—— The selected Airplane for civil aviation market of China

2. The Appearance of RJ will Change the Structure of Sviation Market

3. The appearance of 50-seated RJ leads to a quiet revolution in the west.
seated RJ will certainly lead a new revolution in aviation market seated RJ fills the gap between seater and 50 seater. Traditional central radiation operation mode connecting trunk route and regional route will be challenged. Regional aviation market will own a more economical and practical aircraft model which can meet all requirements of regional market.

4. seated ARJ21 is designed specially for regional aviation market, and it can be compared with single-aisle narrow body aircraft, no matter in route range, cruise speed, comfort, economic and reliability.

5. Common Characteristics：
Cruise speed is uniform with large aircraft, with Mach number 0.78; the fastest speed reaching 0.8 M, and can replace perfectly the large aircraft to fly trunk route.
Route range can reach 3000 km, some model’s route range can even reach 4000 km, so they can fly directly to the aim airport without landing at hub airport.
Seen from the seat number, for “thin and long” routes, if passenger volume of the seated ARJ can reach 60%, the break-even point can be reached.

6. It is more exact if it is called “regional jet”
Traditional concept for regional aircraft is not suitable for the over 70-seated jet that performs regional aviation transport.
Current ARJ21 family aircraft cannot be compared with regional aircraft in traditional meaning, and should be treated differentially.
It is more exact if it is called “regional jet”

7. Aviation market can generally divided into two categories: intercontinental-oversea market and regional market

8. “Intercontinental-Oversea” market
“Intercontinental” connected with “oversea”, large span, super-long flight time, super-long route, large passenger flow , usually use double-aisle wide body aircraft

9. Regional market regional market can be classified as large region and small region
For example, North America, South America or Europe can be treated as a region, then it is a big region
China can be treated as a big region, and it can also be divided into several small regions, such as northwest, northeast, Yangtze delta, Zhujiang delta, circle-Bohai sea, etc.

10. Compared with intercontinental and oversea market, regional aviation market is more complicated and its characteristics is more remarkable.

11. The difference between regions is obvious
America：“hub radiation”, trunk route and regional route are combined.
Europe： “point to point”, propeller aircraft are used in large quantity.
China：“point to point”, propeller aircraft is seldom used.
Single-aisle narrow-body aircraft take up the main market share.

12. Within region, the market forms are diversified
Take China market as an example：
Airport condition is different
The route distance is different
The passenger flow is different
The passenger ingredients are different
The competition degree is different
The profits level is different

13. Display on operation: The seat-class is a little larger than needed.
Regional aircraft is crowded out.
Large number of lines are in lose
Lines are often opened ,and stopped, then reopened, and re-stopped.

14. Future trend
The regional aviation market is challenged by railway’s rising speed and highway’s extension. The quantities of long-route and wide-body aircraft in express market( for example, Beijing-Shanghai Air Express) will be controlled; for flight segment within 500 kilometers, the operation space of propeller aircraft will be restricted.
The domination position of single-aisle trunk-route aircraft in regional aviation market will still be strong. However, regional jet will play a new role in small and medium volume transport market.

15. ARJ-21 the regional jet that can meet the market requirement of China

16. The factors that influence the development of aviation transport
The following are the main factors that promote the development of China’s
aviation transport, and they will continue to push the stable increase of
China’s aviation transportation:
National economy’s development is the main power for the development of
aviation transportation.
Reform and opening up to the world promotes the foreign economic and cultural
exchange, so the demand for aviation transportation increases year by year.
People’s living level improves, and consumption structure upgrades, so more
and more people choose air transport when they travel.
The development of tourism bring more passenger source for air transportation.
Urbanization expands continuously the market space of air transportation；
Air-traffic management construction is fastened, which releases the situation
of our country’s tight air space.
The invest in airport construction is increasing, and China’s civil aviation
airport will reach 250 by the year 2020.
China civil aviation industry deepens the reform, fastens the marketization
of air transportation, and encourages the development of non-government air
ransportation.
Push the orderly competition of air transportation, and guarantee the
prosperity of air transportation from inner mechanism.

17. The increase of air traffic in 2007
Increase rate
100 Mil. kilo
Total transport turnover
Total passenger turnover
Freight turnover
America
China
Britain
German
Japan
France
China ranks second position all over the world in total transport turnover, total passenger turnover, and freight turnover.

18. Previous Year’s Growth of Air Transport Passenger Turnover China RPKs Growth
Increase rate
In the past three decades, China’s passenger transport by air maintains fast growth, and reaches 280 billion person km in 2007.

19. Share of Air by RPK
1997
2007
Water transport
1.6%
Water transport 0.4%
Air transport8.0%
Air transport 13.0%
Highway 53.2%
Highway53.8%
Railway 36.5%
Railway 33.5%
In the transportation system, turnover volume of passenger by air is increasing year by year. It increases 13% in 2007.

20. The regional aviation structure will tend to be reasonable:
The implementation of strategic plan for the great west development, rejuvenation of northeast and rising of middle China
The speed-up of urbanization, the improvement of people’s living standard, the upgrade of consumption structure, and the development of tourism
Optimize air-space structure, utilize effectively the air-space resource, carry out the measures to release the tight air-space; civil airport will fasten the development following the guideline of “promoting the east, strengthening the middle and thicken the west”; operation circumstance of regional aviation will be continuously improved.
CAAC issues a series of policies: release the air-traffic control, expand the opening up, introduce non-government capital, support regional aviation, all of these input new vigor and energy for the continuous development of air transportation.
The quantities of ＲＪwill increase steadily.

21. For the civil airports that own scheduled flight, the shortest run-way is 1700m.
China has 12 plateau airports (altitude between1500~2438m), including southwest hub-airport—Kunming airport
China has 7 high plateau airports (altitude higher than 2438m), including Lasa airport and Jiuzhaigou airport. CAAC regulates strict operation standard, so the operation cost improves obviously.
Run way length of China’s civil airport
(data of July,2008)
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500 20 40 60 80
100
120
140
160
180
a/p num.
Run way length (m)
通航机场总数：159
未开通定期航班的机场数：7（跑道长度短于1600 米）
未开通定期航班的机 场
Altitude distribution of China’s civil a/p
(data of July,2008)
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000 20 40 60 80
100
120
140
160
180
a/p num.
a/p altitude)
昆明机场
九寨沟机场
通航机场总数
: 159
高原机场：12个
高高原机场：7个
2438米
1500米
Airport category
airport
Large composite hub
北京、上海、广州
Large hub airport
沈阳、武汉、深圳、成都、昆明、西安、乌鲁木齐
Medium hub airport
天津、大连、哈尔滨、杭州、厦门、青岛、南京、福
州、济南、温州、长沙、桂林、郑州、海口、三亚、
重庆、贵阳
Medium airport
（trunk line）
呼和浩特、太原、石家庄、长春、南昌、合肥、宁波
、晋江、烟台、南宁、张家界、拉萨、九寨沟、西双
版纳、丽江、兰州、银川、西宁
Small airport
（regional line）
Other airport

22. Domestic flight routes operated by China civil aviation
The longest domestic flight route operated by China civil aviation is “Urumqi-Guangzhou”, 3275km; the longest route that was once operated in history is “Urumqi-Sanya”, 4074km
The flight whose route distance is equal or shorter than 1000nm occupies 98% of the total flight
The average route distance is 1033km
84% of the passenger turnover of domestic flight routes are completed by single-aisle aircraft
The weighted average seats number of single-aisle aircraft that operate domestic routes is147.
Domestic flight of China(2008)
Daily flight VS. flight distance
100
200
300
400
500
<200
Flight distance (km)
Daily flight number
Average flight distance：
1033km

23. Domestic flight routes operated by China civil aviation
line
distance
（km）
Lowest safety
alt.
（m） C2
Flight alt.
（100m）
乌鲁木齐 - 库车
548
5200 84 兰州 成都
751
5230 90 西宁
893 重庆
964 银川
1038
1106 昆明
1365
102
1507
108 桂林
1577 广州
2003 深圳
2081 海口
2110 珠海
2145 和田
1023
5889
1543
6081
1654 西安
2183
2403 洛阳
2570
2616 郑州
2684
武汉天河
2893 迪庆
481
6196 81
西双版纳
709
Data of lowest safety Alt. of China civil Avi.
（L S A
>5000
m，L D
<3000km
，not include Tibet
The lowest safety altitude of China’s western routes is comparatively high. The aircraft that operates western routes need high single-engine rising limit and excellent emergent oxygen supply ability.
The lowest safety altitudes for routes that connects Urumqi with other inner city is 6081m, the lowest safety altitudes for route to Diqing is 6196m.

24. The questionnaire survey for passenger characteristics of China aviation conducted in 2008 shows that the comprise of China’s air-transport passengers has changed from focusing on business passengers to equal emphases on business passengers and tourist passengers. Passengers’ ticket payment source has changed from emphasizing on public fund to both the public fund and private fund. “Swallows that in the hall of grand houses used to nest; have flown into the homes of common folks there to rest. ” China has entered the times of popularized air transport.
Public-payment or business passengers are sensitive to the cabin comfort and flight frequency; private-payment passengers or tourist passengers attach great importance on the ticket price.
The change on passenger structure tells us the design for the future large aircraft should account for both the business passengers and the tourist passengers.
Survey in off season of 2008:travel purpose
50%
42% 8%
66%
28% 6%
31%
55%
14% 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
60%
70%
80%
business
Visit
other
旅客比例 全国 北京 昆明
Survey in off season of 2008: payment source
44%
50% 4% 2%
59%
36% 1%
32%
63% 3% 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
60%
70%
80%
public
private
FFP
Mile
exchange
other
旅客比例 全国 北京 昆明

25. Model 10% 18% 83% 80% 7% 2% China civil aviation fleet（July,2007）
Ratio occupying
total fleet
total passenger seats
Double-aisle
10%
18%
Narrow body A/C
83%
80% RJ 7% 2%
China civil aviation fleet（July,2007）
Due to the serious shortage of regional aircraft, large quantities of low and medium passenger-flow route lies in the state of waiting for exploitation; some low and medium flow routes use narrow body aircraft to operate with low frequency, the booking rate is low and the market is unstable. It is reported that the daily flight frequency of 58.4% of city-pair lines lower than 1 in 2006.

26. The market positioning of ARJ21：
The market positioning of ARJ21： ARJ21 accounts for both the business passengers and the tourist passengers, and is suitable both in the east and in the west, so it has large market space between narrow body aircraft and small regional aircraft.
ARJ21
：range and seat-class B B
CRJ700
ATR72-210
MD90 B B B B B A A
CRJ200
ERJ145
DO328
ARJ21-700
ARJ21发展型
MD82 A A B B 20 40 60 80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
range（km）
Seat-class
CAAC own 842 NB A/C
July, 2007
A big market between NB A/C
and small RJ forARJ21
Small RJ
CAAC owns 74 small RJ
(Jule,2007) 7
NB A/C

27. ARJ21’s seat-class Wholly economic-class layout：90-seat
Compared with small 50-seated regional jet, its operation cost of unit seat is remarkably lowered.
Mixed seat-class layout: 78-seat
Its comfort can be compared with 150-seated narrow body aircraft, and it can take place narrow body aircraft to improve flight frequency or increase flight coverage rate. Therefore, it is attractive for business passengers.
90-seated wholly economic-class layout （31 inch row distance)
78-seated mixed seat-class layout（36/32 inch row distance)

28. Cabin comfort of ARJ21
Compared with rival aircraft, ARJ21 owns outstanding advantage on cabin comfort
CRJ700/900
ERJ170175/190/195
ARJ21
CRJ700/900
ERJ170/190
ARJ21
Cabin height（m）
1.89
2.00
2.03
Cabin width（m）
2.55
2.74
3.14
Aisle width（inch）
16.00
19.75
19.00
Cabin section area（m 2 ）
3.69
4.28
5.886
Per row cabin cmb（row distance 32inch）（m 3
2.999
3.479
4.784
Cabin cmb/seat（m
/seat）
0.75
0.87
0.957
Per seat cabin Comp.
base +
16%
28%

29. China’s Domestic Flight (2007)
Daily flight No. VS. flight distance
100
200
300
400
500
<200
Flight distance(km)
Daily flight No.
ARJ21-700ST设计航程1200nm,
能满足95%航班的需求。
ARJ21-700ER设计航程2000nm,
能满足绝大多数航班的需求。
ARJ21’s range
The design range of ARJ21-700ST:1200nm（2222km）
Meet the range requirement of 95% domestic flight. Be able to take off/land at high temperature/plateau airport in the west of China.
The design range of ARJ21-700ER:2000nm（3704km）
Meet the range requirement of most domestic flight. The profit will be high if it is used on thin and long “point-to-point” flight line..
The design range of
ARJ21-700ER:2000nm,
Meet the range requirement
of most domestic flight
The design range of ARJ21-700ST
:1200nm,Meet the range requirement
of 95% domestic flight

30. Distribution of China’s civil airport altitude
The Airport Adaptability of ARJ21
The airport design requirement for ARJ21-700ST is: be able to take off/land with gross weight （1895m,ISA+25ºC, considering obstacle）at Kunming airport in hot weather. Therefore, ARJ21 will be the best regional jet suitable the strict operation requirement of China’s west airport and flight line.
Take off weight at limited by rising degree
at the 2nd phase
Distribution of China’s civil airport altitude
(data of Oct.,2007)
Total number of airport
circumstance temperature (°C)

31. ARJ21 will provide new opportunity for airlines to expand current market and open new market：
Open new line, particularly the line whose range is too long if turboprop aircraft are used, and whose passenger flow is insufficient if narrow body aircraft（B737 or A320）are used. Most of these lines have not been opened because there is no suitable aircraft model, including:
-- Extend the line to the low passenger flow airport, and push regional economic development；
--Open new “point-to-point” long line, including hot tourist spots, and medium cities with active economy；
-- Provide suitable aircraft model for opening western aviation market whose operation requirement is strict；
-- Open international regional line from Urimuqi to Middle/West Asia and Middle East, and build up fast and convenient “Silk Road in the Air”
Take place narrow body aircraft on low passenger flow route, so as to solve the problem of over-transport capacity, improve flight frequency , stabilize and expand regional air-traffic market.
Take place turboprop aircraft and small turbofan aircraft, provide fast and comfortable regional service to meet passenger’s expectation, realizing the perfect joint of trunk line and regional line, especially suitable for business regional market.
Provide other derived model for market (freight aircraft and business aircraft)

32. “point-to-point” direct flight can be realized due to the appearance of ARJ21, which is the most suitable model for regional jet, and there is no need to fly the traditional “hub-regional” mode.
ARJ21 will be an important transport vehicle in China’s regional transporting market and make significant contribution for the prosperity of China’s air traffic market.

33. Thank You ！