1. The Skeletal System Kiersten Adams Marianne Fritz Heather Rawls Christian Wilson Group 1 Chapter 15 Lesson 2

2. Functions of the Skeletal System  Plays important role in movement, provides strong stable and mobile framework on which the muscles act upon  It supports and protects your organs

3. Functions of the Skeletal System  The bones are the principle storage center for the bodies essential minerals  Calcium  Phosphorus  They also manufacture the bodies blood cells  Red bone marrow produces millions of blood cells each day

4. Structure of the Skeleton  Skeletal System is divided into two main part  Axial Skeleton: Includes the 80 bones of the skull, spine ribs and sternum (breastbone). These bones are mainly used for protection

5. Structure of the Skeleton  Appendicular Skeleton: Includes the 126 bones of the shoulders, arms, hands, hips, legs and feet. These bones are mainly used for movement

6. Types of Bones  Long Bone: A bone with a greater length than width, curved for strength to hold up the body -Extremities  Short Bone: Bones that are as broad as they are long -Hands and Feet

7. Types of Bones  Flat Bone: Thin flat shape that protects the organs -Ribs and Skull  Irregular Bone: Uncategorical shape -Vertebrae

8. Major Bones of the Skeleton  Skull  Vertebrae  Ribs  Humerus  Radius

9. Major Bones of the Skeleton  Ulna  Pelvis  Femur  Tibia  Fibula

10. Cartilage  The skeletal system is made up of not only bones but Cartilage, a strong, flexible connective tissue.

11. Cartilage  Cartilage serves many functions :  Lines the surfaces of joints and enables them to move smoothly  Cushions joining vertebrae  Supports the nose and ears  Baby skeleton is mostly cartilage

12. Cartilage  Cartilage cells are replaced with age by bone cells and minerals in a process call Ossification  The process by which bone is formed, renewed and repaired

13. Joints  Ball-and Socket Joints: Allows the widest range of movement: backwards, forwards, sideways and circular Shoulder and Hips  Pivot Joints: Bone protection allows rotation  The point at which two bones meet First two vertebrae in the neck

14. Joints  Ellipsoidal Joints: Oval shaped part that fits into a curved space, allowing for all types of movement except pivotal Wrist  Hinge Joints: Allows bending, straightening, and rotating Fingers

15. Joints  Ligament: Tough bands of fibrous, slightly, elastic tissue that bind the bone ends at the joint, preventing excessive movement  Tendon: Fibrous cords that join muscle to bone other muscles

16. Care of the Skeleton System  Nutrition  Calcium: essential for building stone bones - Dairy Products

17. Care of the Skeleton System  Phosphorous: combined with calcium gives bones there firmness - Milk, peas, beans, liver, cottage cheese broccoli and whole grains

18. Care of the Skeleton System  Exercise  Regular physical activity, especially weight bearing exercise increases bone mass  Promotes better circulation of blood, increasing nourishment to your bones

19. Hairline Fractures: Incomplete, the bone doesn’t break into two pieces Problems of the Skeletal System

20. Transverse Fractures: Complete break

21. Problems of the Skeletal System Comminuted Fractures: Shatters bone into more than two pieces

22. Problems of the Skeletal System

23.  A condition in which bone density decreases, causing bones to become brittle and easily fractured  Women more vulnerable after menopause

24. Problems of the Skeletal System  Prevention: Getting ample physical exercise Eating food rich in calcium

25. Problems of the Skeletal System  Lateral, or side-to-side, curvature of the spine  Starts in childhood, easily seen when growing stops  Most schools have scoliosis screening programs

26. Problems of the Skeletal System Treatment: Exercise Special brace Surgery