1. Today Questions about your own project? Review from last week What does Deets have to say about EBP? Who is known as the first nurse researcher? Did she use EBP? Introduction to research terminology & methods Terminology Types of research studies Steps of research studies Critiquing research

2. Review of EBP Martha E.F. Highfield, PhD, RN Professor of Nursing Health Sciences Department College of Health & Human Development California State University, Northridge

3. Check Point! What is/are….. Evidence types? Evidence-based practice (EBP)? (how is it different from RU?) Stetler Model for EBP? (phases?) Nurse sensitive indicators?

4. REVIEW: Where do I find research? Peer-reviewed journals, including online ones Presentations at conferences Books Theses & dissertations

5. REVIEW: How will I know a research report when I see it? IMRAD Abstract Introduction: purpose, ROL, framework, questions or hypotheses Methods section Subjects Design Instruments Study procedures Data collection

6. REVIEW: How will I know it…? Results: Analysis. Quantitative: statistical tests & statistical significance Qualitative: themes, patterns Discussion: interpretation of the results, implications (clinical, research, education, management), limitations of study References

7. NEW LEARNING: What else can I expect to find in research reports? Jargon Compact Objective Peer-reviewed

8. What does Deets, C. (1998) have to say about EBP? How many studies do you need? What is the ethical problem involving patient choice? ARE WE ASKING THE WRONG QUESTION?

9. Terminology, Steps, & Reporting Nursing Research M.Highfield, PhD, RN

10. What do I do when I find one? Look in the right places to find research Read: read abstract, skim article, re-read more carefully Summarize key aspects of study on your research utilization worksheet Critique: Important to nursing? Compare study to ideals RU: Accept or reject. Decide to accept or reject based on what article contributes to your purpose

11. Basic terminology (critique of textbook studies) Types of research study: Basic vs. Applied Subjects, participants, informants Concepts & constructs Propositions Theories & models Variables: constant, continuous, dichotomous, categorical, dependent, independent, extraneous Definitions: Conceptual & operational

12. Basic terminology Data: Quantitative (numbers data) OR Qualitative (word data--descriptions; stories) Design (strategy for answering the question): Experimental OR NONexperimental Relationships between variables Cause & effect OR Associative (functional)

13. Your Turn: Analyze a Study Answer questions #2-3. Skip Q#1 (translation) Also answer questions p. 45 including What are the main phenomena, concepts, or constructs in the study? What are the conceptual and operational definitions of concepts? If study is quantitative, what are the independent & dependent variables? Do researchers examine relationships or patters or association among the variables? Does the report imply causal relationship between variables? What did the researchers do to improve: Reliability? Validity? Generalizability OR Trustworthiness?