1. Catalyst Remember, we always enter silently and immediately begin on our catalyst Catalysts are graded for participation every Friday Your catalyst today is a little bit different. Below, you will find three statements. Your catalyst today is to write each statement three times on your catalyst sheet. (1) I change the Independent Variable. (x3) (2) The Dependent variable Depends on what I change. (x3)

2. Objective SWBAT identify independent, dependent, and control variables given an experiment

3. Today’s Agenda Catalyst Variables Notes and Practice Time  I-N-D-E-P-E-N-D-E-N-T!  DEPENDENT  CONTROL VARIABLES Exit Question HOMEWORK TONIGHT! QUIZ ON FRIDAY!

4. Ms. P’s Cornell Notes Topics will be written in blue! Everything that is red is what you need to write down!! Date Catalyst Observation Information from your senses

5. Today’s Objectives SWBAT identify independent, dependent, and constant variables in a scientific experiment. SWBAT explain the significance of specific variables in a scientific experiment.

6. Scientific Inquiry Scientists use certain ways of thinking. This is called scientific inquiry. Our first unit with be on developing these ways of thinking!!

7. Observation Did you notice the weather outside when you arrived at MSE? If so, you made an OBSERVATION. Observation: information from your senses Example: You can observe how tall or smooth an object is.

8. Inference Did you ever try to explain why something is a certain color or why it smells like vinegar? If so, you made an INFERENCE. Inference: an untested conclusion based on your observation. Example: You infer that Ms. P loves peppermint gum because you OBSERVED blue gum hanging out of her mouth constantly…

9. Inferring from an Observation Scientists might observe that one star is brighter than the others. What could you infer about this star?

10. Inferring from an Observation Scientists might observe that one star is brighter than the others. Scientists could infer that the star is bigger, hotter or closer to Earth.

11. Experiments - Variables You can only test 1 THING AT A TIME. Otherwise it is not fair. So what is a variable?

12. VARIABLE Able to Change Variable: A factor that can change in an experiment. Every experiment has two – cause  effect

13. Experimentation Types:  1 independent variable  1 dependent variable  The purpose of an experiment is to test how changing ONE THING affects something else.

14. Independent Variable -The part of the experiment that is manipulated or changed by the scientists or person performing the experiment “I Change the Independent Variable”

15. Teacher Models Scientists have discovered something shocking: if you eat a lot of candy, then you will gain fat. What is the independent variable? A. Eat a lot of candy B. Type of candy you eat C. Amount of candy you eat D. How much weight you gain

16. Scientific Method-Controls and Variables Dependent Variable- The part of the experiment that is affected by the independent variable The dependent variable is what you measure in an experiment “The Dependent variable Depends on what you do”

17. Teacher Models Happy students learn more in school. So, Ms. P believes that starting school later would increase test scores. What is the dependent variable? A. Starting school later B. Happy students C. Time that school starts D. Test scores

18. Variables Independent Variable: what causes the change we are measuring (acts independently) Dependent variable: what gets changed (depends on other things) Remember  Variables are always CATEGORIES of things: time, amount, frequency, size, type  Variables are NEVER specific things!!!

19. If you’re having trouble… 4 minutes 26 mg of baking soda Lifting weights every day Medium t-shirts Bullfrog 16 candles Never gets sick Time to get dressed Amount of baking soda Frequency of lifting weights Size of t-shirts Type of frog Number of candles Degree of health WRONGRIGHT

20. Independent Variable Dependent Variable The effect! The cause!

21. Control Variables Everything but the independent and dependent variable must be kept constant.  Constant: variables we keep the same  If many different things change at once, we don’t know what causes the change!

22. Control Variables Control variable: a variable which does not change during an experiment  keeps results accurate  AKA: constant

23. Control Variable – Example 1 Hulk Hogan and The Rock are both out of shape and want to get their muscles back. Hogan thinks that eating a lot of carbs will bulk him up, but The Rock says that it doesn’t matter what Hogan thinks, you need to eat meat to bulk up.

24. Control Variable – Example 1 Hogan and The Rock decide to run an experiment: both of them will work out and Hogan will eat carbs while The Rock eats meat to see who gets bigger faster. Control Variables How often they work out What kind of exercises they do How much of the other food groups they eat

25. Control Variable – Example 2 You decide to run an experiment to see if eating breakfast makes a difference in performance at school. Control Variables?

26. WHITEBOARDS!

27. Whiteboards 1 Ms. P believes that the more you study, the better grades you’ll earn. What is the independent variable? A. Studying more B. Amount of time you study C. Grade earned D. Type of test

28. Whiteboards 2 Jada is always cold in class. She hypothesizes that if she wears many layers of clothing to school, then she will be warmer. What is the dependent variable? A. Number of layers Jada wears B. How cold Jada is C. Temperature of the room D. Jada will be warmer

29. Whiteboards 3 Ms. P’s students want to test how easily bought off she is. Students who give her an apple get a “C.” Students who give him candy get an “A.” What is the independent variable? A. Type of food B. Apples and candy C. “A” on the report card D. Report card

30. Whiteboards 4 Deon hates running, but loves listening to music. He believes that if she listens to music while running, then he will run more often. What is the dependent variable? A. he will run more often B. Listens to music while running C. Frequency that Deon runs D. What Deon listens to

31. Practice You want to know when in the year there are the most love bugs. Every night, you record how many love bugs you find outside. IV = DV = Control Variables = Time of year (season/month) Amount of love bugs

32. Practice James needs to run a 6 minute mile in boy’s track club. He believes that if he runs every day, then he will be able to run faster. IV = DV = Control Variables = Frequency that James runs Mile time

33. Practice Students of different genders were given the same puzzle to assemble. The puzzle assembly time was measured. IV = DV = Control Variables = Type of gender Time to assemble puzzle

34. If there are more students, then there will be more school buses. IV = DV = Controls = Amount of students Number of school buses

35. If the cost of beignets increases, then fewer will be sold. What depends on what? IV = DV = Control Variables = Amount each beignet costs Number of beignets sold

36. IV = Number of recruits DV = Number of games won Control Variables = If the Auburn Tigers recruit more five star recruits, then they will win more games.

37. Conclusion A proper experiment always has an independent variable and dependent variable. Everything but the independent and dependent variable must be kept constant.  Independent Variable: what causes the change we are measuring  Dependent variable: what gets changed  Control variables: variable we keep the same

38. “I Got This” Independent Practice 8 minutes to complete 3 minutes to compare answers KEEP THIS to help you with homework tonight

39. Exit Question Let’s say you want to figure out if drinking milk actually makes you taller. So you drink a glass of milk every day, and record your height every day. 1. What is the independent variable? 2. What is the dependent variable? 3. What are at least two necessary control variables? Don’t talk during the Exit Question!