1. Renewable Energy Developments in India MINISTRY OF NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY Government of India

2. Sustainable Development A Development is sustainable when “ the needs of the present are to be met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. Sustainable development is more than just “Environment Conservation”. It is development that is environmentally, socially and economically sustainable.

3. “Security of obtaining adequate supply of a traded commodity, be it food or fuel, is generally a problem of the poor people, poor regions or poor nations. The rich with the power to pay the price, find willing suppliers for what they want” ENERGY SECURITY

4. THE CHALLENGE Developing countries are is facing formidable challenges in meetings their energy needs and providing adequate energy of desired quality in a sustainable manner and at reasonable costs.

5. Energy is ‘prime mover’ of the development process. There is a direct correlation of energy consumption and economic growth of a society / country. Economic growth calls for increasing use of energy. ENERGY FOR DEVELOPMENT

6. PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICITY Country GDP per capita (US$) Electricity consumption per capita (kWh) Liberia24087 India840789 China10731208 Sweden3354015656 UK232386158 USA3199213228 World average57002373

7. Energy is key to development Use of energy depends on the economy and the sources of energy available in the area.

8. Energy Access Energy access is related to poverty, development, gender disparity, environment, health and also sustainability. Over 3 billion people in developing countries today rely on traditional biomass for cooking and heating About 1.5 billion people are without electricity. Provision of basic energy services to these energy- poor citizens is a challenge world over and particularly in developing countries. Energy access is crucial to inclusive and sustainable economic growth.

9. Challenges of Energy Access in Developing Countries A large rural population and their dependence on agricultural activities. Rapidly growing energy demand for domestic as well as other activities. Traditional biomass resources contribute significantly to the energy mix in rural areas. Women traditionally are responsible for managing the domestic energy requirements for their families. Most of the developing countries have low per capita incomes.

10. Challenges of Energy Access in Developing Countries The drudgery associated with the task of securing fuel wood for cooking has a direct bearing on women’s health and family welfare. Energy access is much more than lighting and heating. It is about rural development, gender equality and a better life for our common people. Providing sustainable and affordable access to modern energy to a large proportion of our population is a challenge. Women traditionally are responsible for managing the domestic energy requirements for their families.

11. Household Energy The ‘Energy Ladder’ Crop waste, dung Increasing cleanliness, efficiency, cost and convenience Increasing prosperity and development Wood Charcoal, Coal Kerosene LPG, Gas Electricity Around 70% of the country’s population still rely on biomass fuels

12. TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY 2,30,073 MW (Dec, 2013) GROSS GENERATION 940 BUs PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION 879 kWh / Annum (2011-12) ENERGY SHORTAGE about 4.1 % (June 2013) PEAKING SHORTAGE about 4.5 % INDIAN POWER SCENARIO

13. Indian Power Sector at a Glance Total installed capacity : 2,30,073 MW Thermal 1,35,610 Hydro 39, 788 Gas 20,359 Renewable 29,536 Nuclear 4780 Renewable contributes 29,536 MW – 12.83% If we take large hydro under RE – 30%

14. Renewable Power Potential S. No. ResourceEstimated Potential (In MW. ) 1.Wind Power (as per C-WET estimates at 80 m hub height) ~ 100,000 2.Solar Energy> 100,000 30-50 MW/ sq. km. 3.Small Hydro Power (up to 25 MW)20,000 4.Bio-Power: Agro-Residues17,000 Cogeneration - Bagasse5,000 Waste to Energy: - Municipal Solid Waste to Energy - Industrial Waste to Energy 2,600 1,280 Total>2,45,880 14

15. Plan wise Renewable Power Growth Beginning of 10 th Plan 1.4.2002 (MW) Beginning of 11 th Plan 1.4.2007 (MW Achievemen ts during 11 th Plan 2007-2012 (MW) Cumulative Achievements up to 31.3.2012 (MW) Wind1,6287,09210,26017,352 Small Hydro 1,4341,976 1,4193,395 Bio power3891,18420413,225 Solar23 939941 Total 3,45310,255 14,66024,914

16. Indian Renewable Energy at a Glance Total Installed capacity 29,536 MW Renewables constitute about 12.83 % of the total power generation installed capacity in the country 16

17.  Deployment of renewable power during the 11 th Plan (2007-2012) has made it the second largest source after conventional power.  A target of 14,000 MW capacity addition was achieved during 2007-2012 (the 11 th Plan).  A capacity addition of 30,000 MW is being targeted during the 12 th Plan (2012-17) GRID INTERACTIVE RENEWABLE POWER 3

18. Renewable Energy Programmes The Programmes and Schemes of the Ministry are classified in following Five Groups:  Grid Interactive and Distributed Renewable Power  Grid - Interactive  Off-grid power systems  Renewable Energy for Rural applications  Renewable Energy for Urban, Industrial & commercial applications  Research, Design, & Development in RE

19. Renewable Energy: Credentials  Harnessed 12% of the estimated potential  5 th Position in overall RE Capacity Installations world-wide  5 th largest Wind installed capacity world-wide  2 nd largest number of installed Biogas plants  6 million decentralized systems in use  Renewable is the second largest source of power generation after thermal.

20. Wind Power Potential:100,000 MW (as per C-WET estimates at 80 m hub height) Achievement :19,993 MW 11 th Plan Target/ Achievement: 9,000 MW / 10,260 MW (2007-12) Deployment target 12 th Plan :15,000 MW. (2012-17) Strategy:  GBI scheme reviewed and continued during 12 th Plan  Wind Resource activities to be substantially increased.  Evacuation infrastructure to be developed.  Separate RPO for wind. Enforce RPO. Make REC work.

22. Wind Turbines installed in Chitradurga, Karnataka

23. Small Hydro Power 23 Potential:20,000 MW Achievement : 3,747 MW 11 th Plan Target/ Achievement: 1400 MW / 1419 MW (2007-12) Deployment target 12 th Plan : 2100 MW. (2012-17) Strategy:  Private sector participation  Performance based incentivisation for State sector / NE  Small plants to get higher support.

25. 25 Bio-Energy Technologies Biomass Combustion Biomass used in boilers to generate heat/ steam to drive turbine for generating electricity. Biomass Cogeneration Simultaneous production of heat / steam and electricity These technologies are fairly well established in the country. Efficiencies of boilers / turbines comparable to best in the world. Biomass Gasification Conversion of woody and non-woody biomass such as Rice husk, cotton stalks, wood chips etc. to producer gas Technology successfully developed indigenously.

26. Biomass Power 26 Potential:17000 MW Achievement :1264 MW 11 th Plan Target/ Achievement: 500 MW/ 626 MW (2007-12) Deployment target 12 th Plan :500 MW. (2012-17) Strategy:  Promotion of small capacity biomass projects with biomass linkage and captive plantations.

27. Bagasse Cogeneration 27 Potential:5000 MW Achievement : 2337 MW 11 th Plan Target/ Achievement: 1200 MW/ 1369 MW (2007-12) Deployment target 12 th Plan :1400 MW. (2012-17) Strategy:  Promotion of BOOT/BOLT model in cooperative sector sugar mills.  Promotion of optimum cogeneration potential in small size sugar mills (<2500 TCD).

28. 6 MW BIOMASS POWER PROJECT IN A.P.

29. Solar Energy and Solar Mission 29 Potential: 30-50 MW/ sq. km Achievement : 2,080 MW Over 1.9 million SPV Systems installed / distributed 2010-13 Target: 1100 MW Achievement 1684 MW Target for 12 th Plan :4000 MW. (2013-17) Target for 13 th Plan :15000 MW. (2017-22)

30. 30 Solar Mission Targets  20,000 MW grid by 2022  2.000 MW off-grid by 2022  20 million households covered by solar lighting  20 m sq meter of solar thermal Objectives  Achieve grid parity by 2022  Increase domestic manufacturing capacity  Develop eco system for solar industry  Develop manpower  Support R & D -

31. Solar Photovoltaic International and National Status in Solar Cell Japan, Germany, Australia and USA are the leading countries in research in SPV Type of Solar cellInternational StatusIndian Status Production (R&D) Crystalline silicon solar cell (mono/multi) Production : 17-19% R&D Lab: 24-25% Production : 14.5 -17% R&D Lab: 19.7% Thin-film solar cell a-Silicon Cd Te CIGS 6-9% (13%) 16.7% 19.4% 5 – 8% (9 – 12%) (12%) (13%) Dye/ organic solar cells 10.4% / 5,15% 9.5% / 3%

32. R&D Strategy for Solar research in India  R&D in SPV and Solar thermal has been undertaken since late seventies  Renewed Thrust on R&D in JNN Solar Mission  R&D thrust areas are identified to achieve technical and cost goals  Centers of Excellence created in research, education, Testing and Characterization  Industry involvement and Consortia approach promoted including partners from both India & abroad  Technology incubation and Validation  International collaborations

33. Recent Initiatives in SPV R&D Development of poly silicon material (Maharishi Solar) 20 -22% efficiency single crystal silicon cells (IIT-Mumbai) 10 – 12% efficiency nano cystalline thin film modules (IACS-Kolkata, HHV-Bangalore, NPL-Delhi, BES University,-Howrah) 12- 15% efficiency CIGS cells (Moser Baer. NPL, IIT Kanpur) 10- 12 % efficiency Dye sensitized cells (Amrita Nano Centre, IIT-Kanpur) 5% efficiency organic-inorganic hetero junction cells (IIT-Delhi, Delhi University)

34. 50 MW solar energy project Phalodi, Jodhpur, Rajasthan under JNNSM 34

35. R&D in Solar Thermal Systems Indigenous development of Solar Water Heating systems and Solar Cookers and full commercialization. Well established manufacturing base. Second generation technology developed using Selective coating absorbers Number of modes developed for Solar Box type and concentrating dish cookers. Scheffler cookers for indoor cooking for large kitchens. Concentrator technologies for steam generation and industrial process heat applications

36. 1 MW Solar Thermal Power - testing, research & simulation facility being set up at SEC through IIT Bombay & Industry consortium Combination of different collector technologies Direct and indirect steam generation to be demonstrated Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector Parabolic Trough

37. Solar Dish Concentrator -an indigenous development project- MWS and SEC Solar thermal Stirling engines (3 units of 3 kW each) performance evaluation at SEC jointly with ONGC Energy Research Centre)

38. CRISP Tower (Collaborative Research Initiative in Solar Power Tower) with Sun Borne Energy Critical components Receiver Heliostat design Thermal storage Solar power tower controls

39. Electricity & Cold Storage for Remote Rural Applications (SEC, Thermax, TERI) Electricity from biomass gasifier Cooling from engine exhaust Solar concentrators during solar hours

40. IMD and MNRE Network of Ground Measurements of Solar Radiation Facilities

41. Solar Manufacturing World-class manufacturing companies Major global companies setting up base due to National Solar Mission Annual production capacity 750 MW of PV Cells 1250 MW of PV Modules Mega Capacity Solar Parks under progress

42. Decentralized RE Systems Family Type Biogas systems 46.83 Lakh Solar Water Heating Systems 7.31 million sq. m Solar Cookers 6.98 Lakh Villages Electrification 9553

43. Technical Institutions Solar Energy Centre Centre for Wind Energy Technology Solar Energy Corporation of India National Institute of Renewable Energy Alternate Hydro Energy Centre (A Dept. of IIT Roorkee working in close co-operation with MNRE on small hydro)

44. Next Five Year Projections (Installed Capacities in MW ) Source Installed capacity In March, 2012 Capacity addition Target for 2012-17 Target installed capacity in 2017 Wind power17,35215,00032,500 Small Hydro3,3952,1005,500 Biomass Power1,1505001,700 Bagasse Cogeneration 1,9851,5003,500 Waste to Power90700800 Solar Power94110,00010,900 TOTAL24,91429,80054,900

45. Contribution of Renewables after 12 th Plan ( 2017) At the end of 12 th Plan, the total power generation capacity of the country is expected to be 318,800 MW Renewables are expected to contribute about 17% in this capacity (55,000 MW) and Over 9% in the electricity mix

46. Renewable Energy in 2017 RE capacity is likely to cross 30,000 MW by the end of 2013- 14 and 55,000 MW by 2017 (17% of total Capacity) The current contribution of 6% in electricity mix is likely to go up to 9% in 2017. Wind power capacity is likely to cross 33,000 MW Solar power capacity likely to cross 10,000 MW if targets under JNNSM are to be achieved

47. Renewable Energy in 2017 De-centralised applications of solar, biogas, cook stove would be wide spread. Energy Access in rural areas is a priority – target 5000 villages New avenues of setting up micro hydel projects based on velocity of water on rivers / canals are emerging Waste to energy would be a viable option Bio energy based power generation would be an attractive option for village electrification and economic activities More application of hydrogen / fuel cells would be developed

48. Thank you