1. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Why operator training simulators (OTS) ?  train operational procedures to new staff  experience unusual/disturbance situations for existing staff  study grid behavior with future equipment such as substations, transformers, Distributed Energy Resources (DER) like Wind, PV, etc. ... OTS in use at transmission control centers since decades Roland Eichler – Germany – S3 – Paper 0211 Operator Training Simulator for a Distribution System

2. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011  higher dynamics due to more DERs connected  increased requirements for reliability of supply  more complex (feeder) automation schemes  advanced control center tools increasingly available such as state estimator, power flow, volt/var control, etc. This leads to the need for OTS also in distribution grid control centers – particularly with view on Smart Grids Roland Eichler – Germany – S3 – Paper 0211 Why OTS for Distribution Systems

3. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011  means for sequences of events to be defined, stored and retrieved by the instructor  simulates response of load, generation and network conditions to control actions, initiated either from the Educational System or from CCM  connects the PSM with the CCM; disturbances, outages, noise, etc. for each data point  replica of the control functions i.e. features and UI of these functions in the SCADA/DMS and OTS are identical Roland Eichler – Germany – S3 – Paper 0211 Overview of OTS PROTECTION MODELING GENERATOR MODELING DISPLAY & CONTROL APPLICATION FUNCTIONS OPERATORLOGGING SUPERVISORY CONTROL NETWORK SIMULATION DATA ACQUISITION LOAD MODELING TRAINING SEQUENCE CREATION SYSTEM EVENTS BASE CASE SELECTION TRAINER EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM TELEMETRY MODEL POWER SYSTEM MODEL CONTROL CENTER MODEL

4. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011  Simulation of the power system by solutions of the model loops (OTS cycle)  Frequency Model and External LFC Model can be omitted for distribution grids  Once every cycle the Load Model and the Protection Models are updated  In case of breaker openings/closings due to the Educational Subsystem or due to relay actions the flows and voltages throughout the network (Network Model) are recalculated Roland Eichler – Germany – S3 – Paper 0211 The OTS Power System Model The major component that distinguishes an OTS for distribution from a transmission system OTS is the Power System Model.

5. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Upon session start:  All status information and measured values are taken from a saved case  Non-measured loads are determined from load curves (C)  Initial run of OTS-DPF with scaling of the loads to the measured values (e.g. at feeder head M).  Comparison of OTS-DPF solution to the load curve values yields scaling factors Use of these scaling factors throughout the training session. Roland Eichler – Germany – S3 – Paper 0211 PSM: Specialty in Load Modeling MM C C C CC C CC

6. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011  OTS-DPF does not do scaling again after session start-up (vs. DPF performs scaling each time)  DTS-OPF runs in 15 min cycle calculating all feeders of a single HV infeed handling all HV infeeds of the grid one-by-one vs. 5 sec cycle in transmission grids  Project experience: 20,000 loads 33,000 line segments 150 HV infeeds 30 sec total calculation time Roland Eichler – Germany – S3 – Paper 0211 PSM: Specialty in OTS-DPF activation

7. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Roland Eichler – Germany – S3 – Paper 0211 Trainee Evaluation Module – Sample Result

8. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Roland Eichler – Germany – S3 – Paper 0211 Trainee Evaluation Module – Criteria Setting

9. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011  Described OTS planned for hand-over to first customer in August 2011: 500,000 customers 21,000 km of distribution lines annual growth rate of 12%  Add specialized modules to the Generation Model for modeling of DERs  Add distance protection relay model in combination with short-circuit calculation Roland Eichler – Germany – S3 – Paper 0211 Future Outlook