1. Michael Sheinis Block: 1 10/5/14

2. Culture Is passed on by parents, grandparents, teachers, etc Affects the way we think, what we believe (religiously & morally), what we eat, what we wear, how we behave, how our society behaves

3. Social Organization Sociology= the study of the development, organization, & functioning of society What is the most important social unit? Family Family patterns Nuclear family- wife, husband, kids. Typical to industrialized societies Extended family- Several generations in one household. Parents, kids, grandparents, aunts, uncles. Usually in developing nations. Patriarchal- family where the oldest male makes the decisions Matriarchal- family where the oldest female makes all the decisions

4. Social Organization (cont...) Kinship= concept that everyone is related to someone There are rules (i.e. uncles can’t marry nieces) Clan= people w/in an ethnic group who claim to be descended from a common ancestor Social Classes= rank people according to status in society Can be based on $, occupation, heredity, education, etc Social mobility= chance to move up and down the social ladder.

5. Customs & Traditions Rules of behavior (enforced by social pressures or by written laws) ways of doing everyday things Basic moral values Language Linguistics= the study of languages Language families- most languages have root in same source. Largest major language family is the Indo-European Language Clothes Foods Education Occupation

6. Arts & Literature Products of human imagination teach us about cultural values. Can encourage pride or criticize. Includes: Painting Sculpture music Drawing Theatre Literature architecture

7. Religion Helps people answer the basic questions about the meaning of life; supports the values of a culture; can shape morals & ethics of a group of people Monotheism- belief/worship of 1 god Polytheism- belief/worship of more than 1 god Animism- belief that everything in nature has a spirit The 5 Major World Religions: Hinduism Buddhism Christianity Judaism Islam

8. Language Cornerstone of Culture Culture passed through language All cultures have language Language reflects a culture’s identity Some countries have mixed languages

9. Forms of Government Government is designed to provide for people‘s common needs- keeping order in society & protecting it from outside threats Refers to the person(s) who holds power and to society’s laws & institutions. Types of Governments: Democracy- the people have supreme pwr. Governments acts by & w/ their consent Republic- people choose the leaders who will represent them Dictatorship- a ruler (or group acting as 1) holds power by force. Often uses military to stay in office.

10. Economic Systems How people use limited resources to satisfy their wants & needs 3 questions: What goods & services should we produce? How should we produce them? For whom should we produce them? Traditional economy- people prod most of what they need to survive. Hunting/gathering or farming/herding societies. Market economy- individuals answer the econ questions by buying & selling goods & services Command economy- government controls what goods are prod, how they are prod & what they cost. Individuals have little econ power Mixed economy- individuals make some decisions & government makes others

11. Examples of communication The process of sending and receiving messages through verbal or nonverbal means--speech (oral communication),writing (written communication), signs, signals, or behavior.