1. THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLE

2. Modern Periodic Table

3. Mendeleev
                   
1869 – Dmitri Mendeleev published the first periodic table

4. Mendeleev Born in Siberia, the last of 14-17 children
Father blind, mother ran glass factory
When he finished high school, his father died and the factory burnt down

5. Mendeleev His mother took him to St. Petersburg to study science
Denied admission to the university, he studied at a school for teachers

6. Mendeleev
In time, he became a professor of chemistry at the U. of St. Petersburg
While writing a chemistry textbook, he developed the periodic table

7. Mendeleev
Where a gap existed in his table, he predicted a new element would be found and deduced its properties
He was right. Three elements were found during his lifetime
Ga, Sc, Ge

8. Mendeleev
The discovered elements provided the strongest support for his periodic table
It is a cornerstone in chemistry and in our understanding of how the universe is put together

9. Mendeleev
Mendeleev’s table arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass

10. Modern Periodic Table Square of the periodic table contains an
                                                                                                                     
Square of the periodic table contains an
element’s atomic #, chemical symbol, atomic mass

11. Modern Periodic Table
The elements in each group have the same number of valence electrons

12. METALS
Most elements are metals
88 elements in total

13. Physical Properties of Metals
Luster (shininess)
Good conductors of heat and electricity
High density (heavy for their size)
High melting point
Some metals (Fe, Co and Ni) are magnetic

14. Physical Properties of Metals
Ductile (most metals can be drawn out into thin wires)
Malleable (most metals can be hammered into thin sheets)

15. Chemical Properties of Metals
Metals show a wide range of chemical properties
Reactivity – ease and speed with which an element combines or reacts
Group 1 and 17 VERY reactive

16. Chemical Properties of Metals
Some metals are very reactive, some do not react easily
Alloy – mixture of metals
Examples: bronze, brass, stainless steel

17. Chemical Properties of Metals
Easily lose electrons (Group 1 and 2)
Corrode easily. Corrosion is a gradual wearing away
Examples of corrosion:
silver tarnishing and iron rusting

18. Families of Metals

19. Group 1 – Alkali Metals

20. Group 1 – Alkali Metals One valence electron
Most reactive of all metals
Soft
Low densities
Low melting point

21. Group 1 – Alkali Metals Na, K Na compounds in found in sea water
Na and K both essential for life

22. Group 1 – Alkali Metals

23. Group 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals
Two valence electrons
Group 2
Very reactive

24. Group 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals
Magnesium and calcium are common alkaline earth metals
Calcium compounds make up much of your bones and teeth

25. Group 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals

26. Transition Metals

27. Transition Metals Elements in Groups 3 – 12
Bridge between very reactive metals on left side and less reactive metals on the right side

28. Rare Earth Metals Two rows on the bottom of the table
Lanthanides and Actinides
Lanthanides are soft, shiny metals with high conductivity
Actinides are all radioactive.

29. NONMETALS
Nonmetals are found to the right of the stair step line - 17 elements in total
Make up most of the human body
(oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen)

30. Physical Properties of Nonmetals
The physical properties of nonmetals are opposite to those of metals

31. Physical Properties of Nonmetals
No luster (dull appearance)
Poor conductor of heat and electricity
Brittle (breaks easily)
Not ductile
Many are gases at room temperature

32. Physical Properties of Nonmetals
Not malleable
Low density
Low melting point
Elements in this group have one valence electron
How does this affect their reactivity?
It makes them VERY REACTIVE.

33. Chemical Properties on Nonmetals
Have many electrons in their highest energy level (shell)
Form negative ions
Gain electrons
Noble gases do not react with other elements (OUTER SHELL IS FULL)

34. Chemical Properties of Nonmetals
Diatomic molecule – when nonmetals form molecules of two identical atoms
H H

35. METALLOIDS Elements that border the zigzag line
Have properties of both metals and nonmetals
7 in total
Silicon, Boron, Antimony, Arsenic, Tellurium

36. Physical Properties of Metalloids
Solids
Can be shiny or dull
Conduct heat and electricity better than nonmetals, but not as well as metals

37. Chemical Properties of Metalloids
Tend to gain and lose electrons
React with metals to form salts
Some act like metals, some act like nonmetals

38. Carbon Group Carbon is the only nonmetal in Group 14
Two common forms – graphite and diamond
Each element has four valence electrons
                          
                          
                          

39. Group 15 – Nitrogen Group N and P are nonmetals N makes up 80% of air
N is essential to life

40. Group 17 -- Halogens Halogens combine with metals to form salts
Have 7 valence electrons
MOST REACTIVE
of NON-metals

42. Group 18 – The Noble Gases
Colorless gases
Do not bond or combine with other elements
Outer electron shell is full

43. Group 18 – The Noble Gases
He is the second lightest gas

44. Hydrogen H does not fit in with any group
(yet can be in either GROUP 1 or GROUP 17)
Reacts easily with other elements

45. QUIZ YOURSELF!
What are the rows across the periodic table called?
Answer:
PERIODS
                                                                             

46. QUIZ YOURSELF!
What is the term for the vertical columns in the Periodic Table?
Answer: Groups or Families
                                                                             

47. QUIZ YOURSELF! How are the elements arranged in the periodic table?
In order of increasing atomic number
                                                                                                                     

48. QUIZ YOURSELF! ALKALI METALS -- GROUP 1
What is the most reactive group of metals?
ALKALI METALS -- GROUP 1