2. A diamond is a gemstone formed from carbon crystallized by extreme pressures deep into Earth’s mantle

3. ExplorationMiningSorting Cutting & Polishing The first diamond mining took place in India over 4,000 years ago. Diamond mining takes place in over thirty-five countries, but most is down in West Africa, especially Sierra Leone and Angola. The two types of mining are: Primary Deposit Secondary Deposit

4. Jewelry Earrings Bracelets Necklaces Eyeglass Frames Rings Anklets Industry Conduct electricity Clings to grease Repels water Cutting tools Surgical tools Computer chips Drill bits for machinery Cut glass

5. Child Labor is used to mine diamonds in Africa and India (deprived of an education) Rebel forces extract diamonds, sell them illegally, and use the money to fund insurgent activities Workers paid only a fraction of 1% of the stone’s value Hazardous working conditions Diamond mining industry and its illegal activities promote and finance civil wars

6. “Governments, inter-governmental and non- governmental organizations, diamond traders, financial institutions, arms manufacturers, social and educational institutions and other civil society players need to combine their efforts, demand the strict enforcement of sanctions and encourage real peace.” http://www.un.org/peace/africa/Diamo nd.html The international diamond industry is also taking steps to respond, such as the adoption by the World Diamond Congress