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Exotic Birds I Dr. N. Matthew Ellinwood, D.V.M., Ph.D. March 7, 2012 I OWA S TATE U NIVERSITY C OLLEGE OF A GRICULTURE AND L IFE S CIENCES
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Companion Animal Birds Diverse group Recent and incomplete domestication Populations established from released birds –Quaker or Monk Parakeets San Francisco Miami
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Species Types Passerine birds –Passeriformes Gallinaceous fowl Anseriformes –Ducks and Geese Rattites –Emu and Ostrich Psittacines
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Psittacine Introduction Bill Upright Legs Zygodactyly Seeds, nuts, fruit, insects, small animals, sheep Sexually Monomorphic –Minimally sexually dimorphic –DNA Sex testing Psittacineformes: 3 families: 90 genra: 370 species
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Psittacine Systematics Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Psittaciformes –Family: Cacatuidae (Cockatoos) –Family Psittacidae (True Parrots INCLUDING LORIES AND LORIKEETS) –Family Strigopidae (New Zealand Parrots) 4 sps, not companion animals, incld raptor like, and ground dwelling birds
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New World Psittacines Macaws –Hyacinth –Military –Blue and Gold –Scarlet
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Macaws Long lived (100 years) South American Large Companionable and demanding
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Anodorhynchus –Genus of large macaws Hyacinth Macaw –Longest of the macaws Also the much rarer but similar indigo macaw –AKA Lear’s Macaw
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Ara Genus of Parrots Additional group of large macaws 8 surviving species and one extinct –Cuban red macaw
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Blue and Yellow Macaw
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Blue Throated Macaw Critically endangered Easily kept
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Miltary Macaw
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Great green Macaw –Larger than military
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Scarlet Macaw
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Red and green Macaw AKA Green winged Macaw
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Red fronted macaw
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Chestnut fronted macaw
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Exotic Birds (The Amazons)
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Genus Amazona Medium sized New world South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean
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Amazona Family: Psittacidae Subfamily: Psittacinae –True parrots (including lories, lorikeets, and excluding cockatoos) Tribe: Arini –Neotropical parrots Genus: Amazona
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Amazons Large to medium/small Short bodied Short tailed Mexico to South America Primarily green Named for –Location, eponyms, colors Nuts, seeds, and fruits Talkes Companions Endangered (captive bred)
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Yellow Headed Amazon Mexico and C Am. Mangroves and forests near water Endangered Excellent talker –Second to African Grey
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Yellow-naped Amazon Pacific coast, Mexico to Costa Rica Yellow crowned subspecies Playful Talkative Nest protective –Males esp Blue variant
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Orange-winged Amazon Large South American, Columbia to Trinidad and Tobago (Caribbean islands) south to Peru Agriculture pest and pet trade
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South American Large Among more common Variably as talkative as Yellow headed Singers. Blue Fronted Amazon
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Yellow faced Parrot Mountains of Brazil and Bolivia Previously an Amazon Now a short tailed parrot In the monotypic genus: –Alipiopsitta
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Cockatoos family Cacatuidae 21 species Australasia –Philippines, Indonesian island, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Australia. Cockatoo (Malay via Dutch) –parrot, or older sister, grip, call
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Cockatoos Physical characteristics –Movable head crest –Carotid anatomy –Skull anatomy –A gall bladder –No Dyck texture feathers
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Cockatoos Systematics in a state of flux –21 species in 7 genera 3 Proposed subfamilies Subfamily Microglossinae –Singleton species, Palm Cockatoo Subfamily Calyptorhynchinae: dark cockatoos Subfamily Cacatuinae: white cockatoos
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Cockatoos Affectionate and interactive Captive bred Long lived and demanding Tend to be less vocal Not to be recommended for junior or inexperienced owners –Exception is the cockatiel (smallest cockatoo species)
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Budgerigar Small Relatively short lived Less demanding Best starter bird Wild type coloring shown Not a cockatoo family member, but from Australia
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Cockatiels Excellent intermediate companion bird Interactive and affectionate without significant problems Moderately long lived –15-20 years Many color variations –Wild type shown
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Large Cockatoos Bond Strongly with Owner Easily bored –Stereotypes, destructive, raucous behavior –Long lived (70-100 years) Only for the most expert bird keeper and enthusiast
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Major Mitchells Cockatoo
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White Cockatoo AKA Umbrella Cockatoo Very affectionate Kept since Tang Dynasty – ~600-900 CE Gift to HRE Fredrick II Cuddling predilection Velcro birds
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Salmon Crested Cockatoo AKA Moloccan Cockatoo Threatened Illegal to import Among most demanding Performers at animal shows
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Aviculture Wild breeding patterns –Monogamous –Cavity nesters –Hand rearing
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Cockatoos Intermediate Pet Cockatoos Galahs Goffin’s –AKA Tanimbar Corella
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Miscellanea Endangered or threatened status Pest Status Social nature –Flock behavior Musical responses
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New world Parrots Non-Macaw, non-Amazon Pionus –New world, smaller, less active, demanding, and vocal then Amazons –Short, stocky, squared tailed bare eye ring
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Caiques Family: Psittacidae Subfamily: Psittacinae Tribe: Arini Genus: Pionites Black headed White bellied
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Caiques Activity –Walking/climbing verusus flying –“Surfing” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rw_sVuu4KE0 –“Relatively” quieter –Poor talkers –Not a beginning bird
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Conures Small South American psittacines Long tailed Once designated a genus Current systemics –Conures are members of up to 10 genera Term being replaced by parakeet in ornithological community Fancy aviculture term persists
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Quaker or Monk Parakeet
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Sun Conure AKA Sun Parakeet
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Carolina Parakeet
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Dusky-headed Conure
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Half Moon Conure (Orange-fronted Parakeet) Non-native colony in Long Beach
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African Psittacines African Grey Congo (larger, greyer, cherry red) Timneh (small, darker, maroon tail)
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Intelligence Brain to body size in some psittacines and corvidae approach humans Brain usage (small cerebral cortex) May use different part Require stimulation as young to prevent stereotypes
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Alex and N’kisi N’kisi –950 word vocabulary –Grasp of grammar (makes up verb forms) –Creates phrases –Not academically assessed Alex/Irene Pepperberg –50 object name recognition –Number to six, seven colors, and concepts (bigger, smaller, same, different, over, under) –Language, 150 words, pronouns (I and you) –Sarcasm/boredom
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Love Birds Genus Agapornis 9 species Africa/Madagascar Pair bonding, affectionate nature Pairs
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Misc Short Tailed African Parrots Poicephalus –Senegal Parrot –Meyer's Parrot –Jardine's Parrot –Brown-headed Parrot
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Passerines Common Hill Myna –(Myna – any Indian bird of the Starling family) Omnivorous Native to Southeast Asia 1990’s 20,000 in trade/yr Captive bred/imported Not endangered Popularity
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Finches Zebra –Australian –Research, neural basis of learning Gouldian Finches –Australian (pot 100,000 pets) –Color variants in fancy
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Canaries Finch song bird from Madeira, Azores, Canaries Bred, since 1600’s for –Type –Color –Song (Harz Roller) Research model of neurogenesis
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