2. Welcome to CMPE003 Personal Computers: Hardware and Software Dr. Chane Fullmer Fall 2002 UC Santa Cruz

3. September 25, 2002 2 Assignments Details on the class web page: http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/cmpe003/Fall02/ TAs Dyng Au Dat Nguyen Sections Monday – 9 -11AM, SS 1 #135 Tuesday/Thursday – 11 – 12PM, JBE #109 Friday – 9 – 11AM, JBE #109

4. September 25, 2002 3 1 st Homework Due Friday NOTE: This homework must be completed successfully to continue in this class If this homework is not received by the due date, you will be dropped from the class No adds will be allowed after this due date (assuming there is any room) Due Friday September 27, 2002 Must be received by 11:59 PM

5. September 25, 2002 OPERATING SYSTEMS Software in the Background Chapter 2 Part a Operating Systems

6. September 25, 2002 5 Objectives of Chapter 2 Describe the functions of an Operating System Explain the basics of a personal computer operating system Describe the advantages of a graphical operating system Differentiate among different operating systems Explain the need for network operating systems Describe the methods of resource allocation on large computers Be able to describe the differences among multiprocessing, multiprogramming, and timesharing Explain the principles of memory management List several functions typically performed by utility programs

7. September 25, 2002 6 Operating System Hidden Software Definition – provides access to all resources Kernel Manages the operating system Memory resident Loads set of programs that lies between applications software and the hardware Fundamental software that controls non-resident portions of the OS as needed Booting – Loads the kernel into memory

8. September 25, 2002 7 Systems Software Definition: All programs related to coordinating computer operations Components Operating System Utility programs Program language translators

9. September 25, 2002 8 Functions of OS Manage the computer’s resources CPU Memory Disk drives Printers Establish a user interface Execute and provide services for applications software Carries out all input and output operation

10. September 25, 2002 9 User Interface Facilitates communication between the user and the operating system Two forms Command line Text-based Key commands Examples: MS-DOS, Unix Graphical user interface (GUI) (pronounced “gooey”) Visual images Menus Examples: X Windows (UNIX), M$ Windows, Mac OS

11. September 25, 2002 10 Platform Definition: Computer hardware and operating system software that dictate what other software can run Wintel (Windows/Intel) Intel-based PC running MS Windows SPARC (Sun Microsystems) Sun based architecture running Solaris (UNIX)

12. September 25, 2002 11 OS is Hidden User interested in application software to make the PC useful Application software is platform specific User must be aware of the type of OS User should be aware of the functions of OS

13. September 25, 2002 12 Types of OS’s Command line Single user PC Multi-user Network(ed) Operating System (NOS)

14. September 25, 2002 13 MS-DOS Command-line interface – ala UNIX Prompt – system is waiting for you to do something Type in a command Not user-friendly

15. September 25, 2002 14 Microsoft Windows Graphical user interface Eases access to the OS Most new computers come with Windows already installed

16. September 25, 2002 15 GUI (Graphical User Interface) Aka WIMP interface Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer On-screen pictures Icons Menus Pull down Pop up Click to activate a command or function Fast and Easy Intuitive (usually)

17. September 25, 2002 16 Early Days of Windows Operating environment for MS-DOS Shell – layer added between users and DOS

18. September 25, 2002 17 Windows Today Home/consumer market Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows Millennium Edition (ME) Corporate market Windows NT Windows 2000 Windows XP Pocket computers and Internet appliances Windows CE

19. September 25, 2002 18 Windows 95 and 98 Self-contained OS DOS commands still available Start programs by Start button Double clicking the icon Task bar permits movement between open programs Long file names up to 255 characters Plug and play Object linking and embedding (OLE)

20. September 25, 2002 19 Windows 98 Additions Internet / intranet browsing Support for DVD and additional multimedia components Support for large hard drives TV viewer and broadcast ability Wizards

21. September 25, 2002 20 Improved Windows Features Backup Interfaces with other software Networking features Security Dr. Watson

22. September 25, 2002 21 Windows ME Millennium Edition Multimedia support -- Windows Media Player 7 Jukebox Record music CDs as digital files Windows Movie Maker Basic video editing Windows Image Acquisition Scanner and digital camera

23. September 25, 2002 22 Windows NT New Technology Engineered for stability Strong security Versions NT Workstation NT Server Drawbacks Lacks support for older Windows and MS-DOS software and hardware Complex to learn and use Requires more memory and processing power

24. September 25, 2002 23 Windows 2000 Stability features Security features Uses simple approach to hardware setup from Windows 98 Versions Windows 2000 Professional for individual users Windows 2000 for network servers Was intended for both the corporate and home use, replacing Win NT and Win 98

25. September 25, 2002 24 Windows 2000 Complex Heavy demand for computer resources Improvements over windows NT Maintains user preferences Self-healing applications software Supports Windows 98 file structure Uses plug and play Provides improved support for laptops

26. September 25, 2002 25 Windows XP Extends Windows ME and provides a more stable environment Two categories Network server 3 versions based upon network complexity Desktop computer 2 versions Professional Client Personal Client

27. September 25, 2002 26 Windows CE Consumer Electronics Subset of Windows Less memory Smaller screens Little or no file storage Provides Internet connectivity

28. September 25, 2002 27 Windows CE Consumer Electronics Where used Embedded systems Industrial controllers Robots Office equipment Cameras Telephones Home entertainment devices Automobile navigation systems Pocket PC Internet appliance market

29. September 25, 2002 28 Accessibility Options Seeing Hearing Touching

30. September 25, 2002 29 Mac OS (Apple Computer) First commercially successful GUI (1984) Served as a model to other GUI systems

31. September 25, 2002 30 UNIX Supports Multi-user Time-sharing Character-based system Command-line interface GUI: X-Windows Runs on various processors and many types of platforms Primary OS used on Internet servers

32. September 25, 2002 31 Free BSD A Free, public domain version of Berkeley UNIX Open source software GNU General Public License Download it free www.freebsd.org Make changes and use freely XFree86 GUI included PC Setup PC comes with Windows installed Install FreeBSD in a dual-boot configuration (or reformat drives and use only FreeBSD)

33. September 25, 2002 32 LINUX UNIX-like OS Open-source software Download it free Make changes Distribute copies Restriction – any changes must be made freely available to the public PC Setup PC comes with Windows installed Install LINUX in a dual-boot configuration

34. September 25, 2002 33 UNIX (FreeBSD, LINUX, etc) Advantages over Windows Extremely stable Internet support designed in from the beginning UC Berkeley had early TCP/IP Unix distribution Reinstallation is simpler Disadvantage Scarcity of applications for new toys

35. September 25, 2002 34 Networked Operating Systems NOS Designed to permit computers on a network to share resources Examples Windows 2000 Server Novell Net Ware UNIX – NFS… Provides Data security Troubleshooting Administrative control

36. September 25, 2002 35 NOS Functions Split between client and server computers Server File management Client Requests to the server Messaging Has own local OS Makes the resources appear as if they are local to the client’s computer

37. September 25, 2002 36 Large Computer OSs Used by many people at once OS works “behind the scenes” so users can share OS must control Who gets access to resources What keeps the programs from different users from getting mixed up with one another

38. September 25, 2002 37 Friday…… Finish our discussion of Operating Systems Resource allocation Multiprocessing, multiprogramming, time-sharing Memory management

39. September 25, 2002 38 See you.. …..Friday