1. Effect of Chiropractic Therapy on Asthma and Asthma Symptoms Zac Gassman

2. Background  Asthma Asthma and Allergy Specialist Medical Group

3. Background  Chiropractic

4. Research  Nielsen et al (1995)  Balon et al (2000)  Bronfort et al (2001)  Divided patients into two groups (active and sham)  Performed breathing tests  Personal journal entries

5. Results Nielsen et al (1995) Balon et al (2000 ) Bronfort et al (2001) P>0.05 in all but two tests

6. Results (cont.) Bronchial hypersensitivity decreased by 36%, p=0.01 However no difference was seen between trial groups

7. Results (cont.)  Significant improvement in quality of life seen in many categories measured Nielsen et al (2001)

8. Conclusions  No correlation between chiropractic adjustments and increased performance on breathing tests  Only difference between all tests and baseline reading was in hypersensitivity test

9. Sandburg et al (2000)  See stress can cause asthma symptoms  Surveyed 90 children over 620 days

10. Results Having chronic stress greatly increased the probability of having an asthma attack after severe event has occurred Nearly three times more likely to have an attack in the next two weeks as compared to those without chronic stress Sandburg et al (2000)

11. Whelan et al (2002)  Looking to see the affect of chiropractic adjustment on salivary cortisol levels  30 men divided into three groups (active, sham, and control)  Salivary cortisol levels take prior to chiropractic adjustment  Salivary cortisol levels taken 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after adjustment

12. Results  A significant decrease in cortisol levels was seen from the baseline test to the post adjustment measurements  No significant differences between active and sham groups

13. Use of Low level lasers in clinical setting  Promotes cellular healing by acting on the mitochondrial level  Reduces inflammation and proceeds to prompt normal cellular metabolism

14. Aimbire et al (2006)  Trachea of dissected rats was removed and placed in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) in order to induce inflammation  Trachea smooth muscle was placed on a sensor where force output from the muscle could be measured.  Experimental group was exposed laser treatment  Acetylcholine was added to force an entire muscle contraction  Isoproterenol was added to act as a muscle relaxant, in order to cause smooth muscle relaxation

15. Results  Laser therapy had a significant impact on the relaxation of the smooth muscle (p<0.05)

16. Overall Conclusions  Both chiropractic adjustments and higher technological techniques have been suggested to have an impact on the presence and severity of asthma  Through the measurements made in hypersensitivity after adjustments, effects of cortisol on asthma, and the effects of lasers, there is still evidence to support this claim

17. Thank you  Mentor Dr. Davis  Advisor Dr. Shealer  Biology Faculty  Chiropractors  Dr. Thomas Jensen  Dr. James Sullivan  Dr. Dan Johnson  Dr. Joel Maloof

18. Bibliography  Aimbire, F., J. Bjordal, V. Iversen, R. Albertini, L. Frigo, M. Pacheco, H. Castro-Faria-Neto, M. Chavantes, R. Labat, R. Lopes-Martins. (2006). Low level laser therapy partially restores trachea muscle relaxation response in rats with tumor necrosis factor a-mediated smooth airway muscle disfuction. Lasers in surgery and medicine. 38. Pgs. 173-178.  Asthma and Children Fact Sheet. (2014). American Lung Association. Retrieved 10/26/14, from http://www.lung.org/lung- disease/asthma/resources/facts-and-figures/asthma-children-fact-sheet.htmlhttp://www.lung.org/lung- disease/asthma/resources/facts-and-figures/asthma-children-fact-sheet.html  Balon, J., P Aker, E Crowther, C Danielson, P Cox, D O’Shaughnessy, C Walker, C Goldsmith, E Duku, M Sears. (1998). A comparison of active and simulated chiropractic manipulation as adjunctive treatment for childhood asthma. The New England Journal of Medicine. 339(15). Pgs. 1013-1020.  Bronfort, G., R. Evans, P. Kubic, P. Filkin. (2001). Chronic pediatric asthma and chiropractic spinal manipulation: A perspective clinical series and randomized clinical pilot study. Journal of manipulative physiological therapeutics. 24(6). Pgs. 369-377.  Ebrecht, M., J Hextall, L Kirtley, A Taylor, M Dyson, J Weinman. (2004). Percieved stress and cortisol levels predict speed of wound healing in healthy male adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 29(6). Pgs. 798-809.  Frass, M., R Strassl, H Friehs, M Mullner, M Kundi, A Kaye. (2012). Use and acceptance of complementary and alternative medicine among the general population and medical personal: a systematic review. The Ochsner Journal. 12(1). Pgs. 45-56.  Hawk, C., R Khorsan, A Lisi, R Ferrance, M Evans. (2007). Chiropactic care for nonmusculoskeletal conditions: a systematic review with implications for whole systems research. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine. 13(5). Pgs 491-512.  Nielsen, N.H., G. Bronfort, T. Bendix, F. Madsen, B. Weeke. (1995). Chronic asthma and chiropractic spinal manipulation: a randomized clinical trial. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 25(1). Pgs. 80-88.  Sandberg, S., J Paton, S Ahola, D McCann, D McGuinness, C Hillary, H Oja. (2000). The role of acute and chronic stress in asthma attacks in children. The Lancet. 356. Pgs 982-987.  Whelan, T., J. Dishman, J. Burke, S. Levine, V. Sciotti. (2002). The effect of chiropractic manipulation on salivary cortisol levels. Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics. 25(3). Pgs. 149-153.  Woolcock, A., J Peat. (1997). Evidence for the increase in asthma worldwide. Ciba Foundation symposium. 206. Pgs. 122-134.

19. Questions?