1. Ancient Greek Architecture

2. EARLY GREEK CIVILIZATIONS..

3. Early Greek Civilization – Minoans Knossos Knossos –Many rooms –Labyrinth Also note that Also note that Minoans had no walls around their cities or palaces

5. Early Greek Civilizations - Mycenaeans  Lions Gate  Cyclopean structure  Gates around alltheir cities

6. Ancient Greek Architecture Later Greek Civilizations

7. Basis of Greek Architecture The Temple

8. A closer look at the parts of a temple  Cornice  Pediment  Frieze  Architrave  Capital  Column  Shaft  Base

9. The bottom of the Temple  Capital  Connecting piece between shaft and “cross beam”  Column/Greek order  Of which there are three kinds…doric, ionic and corinthian  Base  Consists of a foundation and steps on the outside

10. The top of the temple  Cornice – the decorative edge around the top  Pediment – the middle of the triangle – usually decorated  Frieze – can be of a plain or ornate design – it is the top horizontal supporting beam  Architrave – the bottom horizontal supporting beam

11. Doric Columns  The plainest of all columns  It tapers slightly as it gets higher  It has a smushed donut/half bagel look

12. Ionic Columns  The “medium ornate” columns  Looks like an elaborate “ I ” or a ram’s horn

13. TEMPLE OF ATHENA NIKE

14. Corinthian Columns  The MOST elaborate of all the columns  Tends to look like a firework going off, producing lots of acanthus leaves and flowers

15. TEMPLE TO OLYMPIAN ZEUS

17. ERECTHEUM

18. PORCH OF THE MAIDENS

19. Important Ideas of Temples  It’s allliiiivvvvveeeeee!  Similarity to human body  It flows  It’s perfect!!!..the model for all of western architecture  Measured units – the bottom radius of the column…uses the golden rectangle  All other work was based off that number  Greeks ♥ Being outside – it’s all OPEN

20. Important Greek Structures you should be able to identify

21. The Parthenon (at the Acropolis)

22. Acropolis Plan

23. The Acropolis as a whole – a fortified agora on a hilltop

24. Amphitheaters… Theater of Dionysus, Athens

25. The Theater at Epidaurus perfect acoustics

26. Modern Day Connections: Buildings that use the Greek model for architecture

27. The NY Stock Exchange

28. The New York City Hall Building

29. The US Supreme Court Building

30. QUINCY MARKET (Boston, MA)– Uses the agora style

31. Greek Architecture Conclusion  Often you do not hear of the Greek style of column as there has never been anything other than the Greek style of columns. Architecture thus is part of the Western heritage of ideas that the Greeks began and which we still use today

32. GREEK SCULPTURE  Archaic Period: 750-450 B.C.  Classical Period: 450-300 B.C.  Hellenistic Period: 300-100 B.C.

33. TWO TYPES OF SCULPTURE… in the round in the round in relief in relief

34. Archaic Sculpture: Stiff Blocky Arms at sides (males) Stylized Weight evenly balanced Left foot forward Archaic smile Male/kouros; female/kore Males usually nude, females clothed

35. Kouros 525 B.C.

36. KORE females usually clothed one outstretched arm to offer something to the gods

37. THE TRANSITION…. The Charioteer of Delphi 470 B.C. bronze

39. Transition: severe style..  Poseidon/Zeus  c. 460 B.C.  Found by fishermen in 1928

40. Classical Sculpture  7 heads tall  Perfect  Natural, not realistic  No emotion on face  Controposto  Classical profile  Before or after the action

41. ..Hermes with the infant Dionysus..attributed to Praxiteles

42.  Spearbearer  440 B.C.

43. “Diadoumenos” 430 B. C. Attributed to Polykleitos

44. Hellenistic Sculpture Often realistic, not perfect Emotion In action

46. NIKE OF SAMOTHRACE “WINGED VICTORY”

47. The Old Market Woman Metropolitan Museum of Art

48. Conclusion: The Romans conquered the Greeks in the 1 st century B.C., and took many examples of Greek sculpture back to Rome to decorate both public and private spaces. The Greek ideals were copied by the Romans, who spread them all over the Mediterranean world.