1. Muscles of the Hand, Wrist and Forearm
-Mr. Brewer

2. Movements Phalanges (Hinge Joint) Pollicis (Saddle Joint) Wrist
Flexion
Extension
Pollicis (Saddle Joint)
Flexion/Extension
Adduction/Abduction
Wrist
Ulnar Deviation
Radial Deviation
Forearm
Supination
Pronation

3. Phalanges
The phalanges are individual hinge joints that flex and extend.
Tendons insert on various aspects of the phalanges to control which joints move.

4. Muscles Phalangeal Flexor: Phalangeal Extensor:
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Attaches distally to all 4 lateral phalanges
Phalangeal Extensor:
Extensor Digitorum
Much like the Extensor digitorum longus of the foot/ankle, the Extensor Digitorum attaches distally to all 4 digits and EXTENDS the fingers.

5. Phalangeal Muscles Digiti Minimi:
Anything labeled “digiti minimi” involves the pinkie finger.
Examples:
Flexor Digiti Minimi
Opponens Digiti Minimi
Abductor Digiti Minimi

6. Pollicis
The pollicis, aka the “thumb” joint is considered to be a saddle joint.
This joint allows a variety of different movements that include Flex/Ext, Add/Abd and Circumduction.

7. Pollicis Muscles Flexors/Extensors Adductors/Abductors
Flexor Pollicis Longus/Brevis
Action: Thumb Flexion
Extensor Pollicis Longus/Brevis
Action: Thumb Extension
Adductors/Abductors
Adductor Pollicis
Action: Thumb Adduction
Abductor Pollicis Longus/Brevis
Action: Thumb Abduction

8. Thumb and Pinkie Movements
Time: ~ Minute 4:00 through minute 6-6:30.

9. Wrist Movers
Most wrist muscles are considered to be flexors and extensors, but they can often times have degrees of radial and ulnar deviation depending on their origin/insertion points on the hand and forearm.

10. Radial and Ulnar Deviation
Radial Deviation:
“Abduction” of the wrist.
Having the wrist move towards the “thumb side.”
Usually combined with movements such as Flexion and/or Extension.
All muscles that involve either Ulnar/Radial deviation, typically have the bone that the wrist deviates towards in the name:
Example:
Both of the following have Radial Deviation
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

11. Radial and Ulnar Deviation
“Adduction” of the wrist.
Having the wrist move towards the “pinkie” side.
Also is usually combined with other movements such as extension/flexion.
Muscles named with Ulna, typically have ulnar deviation involved.
Example:
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

12. Wrist Muscles
Flexors: Muscles that cross the wrist joint and create a movement where the “palm” of your hand moves toward the forearm. Extensors: Muscles that cross the wrist joint and create a movement where the back of the hand moves towards the forearm.

13. Wrist Flexors and Extensors
Flexion:
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (Some Ulnar Deviation)
Flexor Carpi Radialis (Some Radial Deviation)
Palmaris Longus
This Tendon sometimes is used for repairs throughout the body.
**Most commonly the UCL tendon of the Elbow**
Extension:
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (Radial Deviation)
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (Midline)
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (Ulnar Deviation)

14. Forearm Movement
Because of how the forearm is structured with the Radial head’s ability to “roll” over the Ulna on the radial notch, The forearm has muscles that originate and insert on each other to create supination and pronation of the forearm.

15. Forearm Muscles Supination: Pronation: Supinator: Pronator Teres
Supinates the forearm
Wraps around the lateral side of the forearm bones
Pronation:
Pronator Teres
Longer of the 2 pronator muscles AND it crosses the elbow joint.
Pronator Quadratus
The distal pronator muscle is a located down by the anterior aspect of the “wrist”.

16. Key Points
Muscles of the Hand, Wrist and Forearm are named directly for the action that they create.
I.E. Flexion, Extension, Abduction, etc.
Pollicis is Latin for “of the Thumb”
Digiti Minimi is used often when referring to a muscle that attaches to, and therefore also moves, the “pinkie finger”.

17. One last look at the muscles of the Hand, Wrist and Forearm