1. Plant Reproduction Sexual Reproduction in flowering plants (3 min)
Crash Course: Sexual Reproduction in Plants (10 min)

2. Sexual Reproduction Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)
Most successful and abundant modern day plants
Reproductive structures found in flowers
Seeds are enclosed with a “fruit” while developing

3. Flower Structure Stamens: Male portion of flower
Filament stalk with anther tip produces pollen grains
Often more than one
Thick walled pollen grains contain 2 monoploid gametes

4. Pistil: (carpel) Female portion of flower
Usually located in the center of the flower
Stigma: at top of pistil, has sticky surface to receive pollen grains
Style: fleshy tube supporting stigma, connecting it to ovary
Ovary: contains ovules (monoploid gametes) that develop into seeds
The ovary itself will develop into the “fruit”

5. Rings of modified leaves surround the reproductive organs of the flower
Sepals:
form a ring around the base of the flower
Enclose and protect the flower bud before it blooms
Petals:
often brightly colored to attract pollinators

6. Pollination Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma
Self Pollination: flower pollinates itself
Cross Pollination: pollen is taken from one plant to another (get more genetic variation)
Agents of Pollination:
Wind, birds, bats, bees, butterflies, wasps, flies, ants
Plant often adapted to attract a specific pollinator with showy petals, aromas and nectar
The Biggest Flower in the World: (3 min)

7. Fertilization
Pollen grains land on stigma and grow pollen tubes that grows down through the style to the ovary and enter the ovule
Double Fertilization Occurs:
One sperm fertilizes egg to make diploid zygote
One sperm fertilizes 2 polar bodies forming triploid endosperm (3n)
This becomes the tissue that stores food for the embryo

8. Fruits and Seeds Each ovule develops into a seed
1 minute:
Each ovule develops into a seed
Ovary walls thicken around the seed and develop into the fruit

9. Seed Structure Seed Coat: Cotyledon: Epicotyl: Hypocotyl:
tough protective coating
Has a scar where it was attached to the ovary
Cotyledon:
stores food for early growth of embryo when seed germinates
Epicotyl:
develops into stems and leaves
Hypocotyl:
develops into roots

10. Seed Dispersal Dispersal:
Plants have many adaptations to help them scatter their seeds
Fruit dries and bursts open (snapdragon)
Carried by wind (dandelion)
Carried by water (coconut)
Burrs, hooks
Fruits eaten by birds or other animals and pooped out
Seed Dispersal:

11. Seed Germination Germination: “seed hatching”
Seeds need water, oxygen, proper temperature
Germination: (1 min)