2. Camiguin Island, Philippines Idyllic island setting Home to volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and typhoons that trigger debris flows and flashfloods “Buhawi” small localized rainstorms also induce landslides and debris flows 2001 Disaster (debris flows and flashfloods) 220 deaths and missing persons Damages (US$4M) in infrastructures, houses, paddy fields and livestocks

3. Disaster Mitigation Measures for Camiguin Philippine Government and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA): 1.Study on Disaster Prevention and Reconstruction Project (2003) Recommended urgent structural and non-structural measures for debris flow and flashflood disaster mitigation 2. Basic Study for Non-structural Disaster Prevention Measures for the Province of Camiguin (2004)

4. Legal Framework for Disaster Mitigation PD 1566 “Strengthening of the Phil. Disaster Control Capability & Strengthening the National Program on Community Disaster Preparedness” National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC) Disaster Coordinating Councils (DCCs) Multi-sectoral, multi-agency and multi-level approach RA 7160 Local Government Code Local Government Units Development of disaster prevention and management programs

5. Participatory Approach Ownership and sustainable involvement of the community Coordinative Approach Close coordination with the local government units (LGUs) and the Disaster Coordinating Councils (DCCs)

6. Project Cycle Management Feedbacks from community Social Survey Weaknesses and strengths in the present disaster prevention system

7. Community Perspectives Survey Observations  Factors that make people vulnerable  People’s understanding of disaster  Disaster preparedness practices  Disaster warning methods and indicators  People’s evacuation practices Community people’s need for greater capacity building for disaster preparedness

8. Community Participation in Design of Nonstructural Measures Identification, vulnerability assessment and capacity assessment of evacuation centers Formulation of evacuation plans and training on evacuation planning Development of public awareness materials such as poster, pamphlet, information board Simulation exercises and drill for testing of evacuation plans and for public awareness Development of disaster prevention manual

10. Operational warning system for flash flood and debris flow Provincial, municipal, barangay hazard boundary maps Public awareness materials Flash flood and Debris Flow Disaster Prevention Manual Evacuation Plans

11. Hazard Maps of Camiguin Island Barangay (Community) Hazard Map

12. Special Forecast from PAGASA PDCC Fax Message MDCC BDCC House to house (Bandilyo), megaphone w/ siren, church bells, radios COMMUNITY Rainfall Observation Observations of River Conditions  Color  Force of flow  Sound  Presence of dislodged vegetation  Debris mobilization  Water level Observations of River Conditions  Color  Force of flow  Sound  Presence of dislodged vegetation  Debris mobilization  Water level VHF Radio Message Rainfall Observation

13. Rainfall observation Water level monitoring

15. 1.Strengthening the local disaster coordinating councils 2.Public Awareness 3.Capacity Building

16. Conduct of joint table top and simulation exercise Purchase of additional communication devices and search/rescue equipment Regular monitoring of rainfall and water level measurements Issuances and guidelines which allowed the expenditures

17. Community dialogues and orientation visits of danger areas Disaster Coordinating Councils’ activities on other natural and man-made hazards (i.e., earthquake, volcanic, fire) Residents far from urban centers are unfamiliar with the warning and evacuation system

18. Disaster training programs not only on floods but also fire, earthquake, volcanic-related courses were conducted by various institutions (LGUs, PNRC, PHIVOLCS) Need to train more river and water level observers; Several observers left to work abroad Camiguin Province received “Gawad Kalasag Award” in 2006, manifesting the DCC’s capability and high level of preparedness

19. Hazard Maps & Public awareness materials

20. Constant involvement of the community results to enhanced communities and the development of non- structural measures that reconcile with community’s needs, capacities and resources Community participation in the development of measures ensures people’s awareness, acceptance and mobilization NGOs, civil society groups and volunteers are active partners in disaster mitigation Community, governance, technical and financial institutions, and the civil society ensure the sustainability of community based-disaster mitigation measures

21. Presence of other hazards and their corresponding measures contribute to the community being disaster conscious There is a need to intensify public awareness campaigns, particularly on the remote areas in the province Rainfall warning criteria maybe improved based on accumulated records of rainfall and actual occurrences of debris flow and flash floods

22. Community-Based Disaster Mitigation: Reducing Risk and Vulnerability