1. Lecture 4: ImagesIntro to IT COSC1078 Introduction to Information Technology Lecture 4 Images James Harland james.harland@rmit.edu.au

2. Lecture 3: ImagesIntro to IT Introduction James Harland Email: james.harland@rmit.edu.au URL: www.cs.rmit.edu.au/~jah Phone: 9925 2045 Office: 14.10.1 (Building 14, level 10, room 1) Consultation: Mon 4.30-5.30, Thu 11.30-12.30 What is the view like from my office?

3. Lecture 4: ImagesIntro to IT Overview  Questions?  Images  Assignment 1  Lab classes  Questions?

4. Lecture 4: ImagesIntro to IT Introduction to IT 1 Introduction 2 Images 3 Audio 4 Video WebLearnTest 1 5 Binary Representation Assignment 1 6 Data Storage 7 Machine Processing 8 Operating Systems WebLearn Test 1 9 Processes Assignment 2 10 Internet 11 Internet Security WebLearn Test 3 12 Future of ITAssignment 3, Peer and Self Assessment

5. Lecture 4: ImagesIntro to IT Assessment Process  Submit all assignments via Blackboard in the Learning Hub  Assignment 1due 11.59pm Sunday 1 st April  Assignment 2due 11.59pm Sunday 6 th May  Assignment 3 due 11.59pm Sunday 27 th May  Late assignments attract a penalty of 10% per day late, up to a maximum of 50%

6. Lecture 4: ImagesIntro to IT Assignment  Assignment will be in three parts  Overall task is to produce a video  Groups of up to 3  Assessed by final video and group blog  Part 1: images and audio (end of week 5)  Part2: hardware (end of week 9)  Part 3: reflection, research (end of week 12)

7. Lecture 4: ImagesIntro to IT Assignment 1  Use GIMP (or a similar tool) to perform some manipulations on an image  Use Audacity to perform some manipulations on sound  Use a movie making tool to produce something like (and much better than!) ‘Lord of the Controllers’  Email me your group and its name so that I can set up a blog on the Learning Hub

8. Lecture 4: ImagesIntro to IT Representing Colours 01010100001010101010100110100010101001101001010010 100011100010101010100101111001001010… Pixel R G B

9. Lecture 4: ImagesIntro to IT Representing Colours There are various different schemes for representing colours  RGB  CMYK  HSB  HSL  CIE XYZ 01010100001…

10. Lecture 4: ImagesIntro to IT RGB  Human eye uses red, green, blue sensors  Additive --- more colours means lighter colour + + + yellow cyan magenta ++ Other colours by varying amounts of R, G, B

11. Lecture 4: ImagesIntro to IT RGB  Often represented as (#R, #G, #B) where #R, #G, #B in range 0, 1, …, 255 (ie 2 8 -1)  This means 8 bits per channel, or bit depth 24  Gives 256 3 = 16,777,216 colours overall  Note that RGB is a scheme, not a particular set of numbers

12. Lecture 4: ImagesIntro to IT RGB 8 bits per channel Colour#R#G#B White255 Black000 Red25500 Green02550 Blue00255 Yellow255 0 Cyan0255 Magenta2550 “Light orange”25516638 ???142223177

13. Lecture 4: ImagesIntro to IT CMYK  Based on 4 colours  Subtractive – more colours means less light YellowCyanMagentablacK + + + red green blue

14. Lecture 4: ImagesIntro to IT CMYK Why Black? Why not CMY?  Used mainly in printing (“4-colour print”)  In practice, doesn’t look “black”  “There is no colour with more shades than black”  Too much ink to make black soaks the paper too much  Text is traditionally black (and lots more text than pictures in colour)  Black ink is cheaper than coloured ++

15. Lecture 4: ImagesIntro to IT Representing Colours There are various different schemes for representing colours  RGB  CMYK  HSB  HSL  CIE XYZ 01010100001…

16. Lecture 4: ImagesIntro to IT HSB (or HSV) How do humans describe colour? “rich dark green” Hue: basic colour (red, green, blue, yellow, …) Saturation: amount of colour (intensity, purity) Brightness: light or dark or in-between … Can be thought of as a cone or cylinder or hexacone

17. Lecture 4: ImagesIntro to IT HSB and HSV and HSL  Hue is represented on a circle, and hence as a bearing (like on a compass)  Saturation and Brightness/Value are percentages  HSL is similar, except that 100% luminance is always white (just as 0% brightness is black)

18. Lecture 4: ImagesIntro to IT CIE XYZ  Standard derived from work in 1931 to identify all colours visible to humans  Colours divided into brightness and chromacity  Humans can see more colours than a typical monitor can display  RGB produces more colours than CMYK

19. Lecture 4: ImagesIntro to IT File Formats Colour schemes are not the same thing as file formats! Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)  Uses RGB idea  Encodes RGB data into more compressed form before storage  Has `lossy’ compression  Human eye more sensitive to brightness than colour …

20. Lecture 4: ImagesIntro to IT Conclusion  Go to laboratory classes (and tutorials) this week!  Lab notes in the Learning Hubub  Check details in Course Guide  Start reading (notes, problems, report topic) GET THE BOOK!