1. Economics of Organic Farming: Agronomic Crops Corinne Alexander Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue University February 1, 2006 Program for Beginning Organic Farming

2. Outline Comparison of returns between organic and conventional Comparison of returns between organic and conventional Comparison of risks Comparison of risks Economics of transition Economics of transition

3. Comparison to Conventional Returns Need to look at returns over whole rotation, i.e. 3 to 4 years (Ex. South Dakota Budget) Need to look at returns over whole rotation, i.e. 3 to 4 years (Ex. South Dakota Budget) Need to update budgets with your information Need to update budgets with your information S. Dakota budget assumes yields are 75% conventional, which may not be accurate S. Dakota budget assumes yields are 75% conventional, which may not be accurate Returns= Revenue – Cost Returns= Revenue – Cost (Price*Yield) (Price*Yield)

4. Comparison of Costs (per acre variable costs, does not include land rent) CornSoybeans Conv (IL)$196$96 Organic (IL)$189$104 Organic (SD)$185$145 Organic (KA)$87/$122$71/$107

5. Comparison of Revenue to Conventional OrganicConventional Corn prices$4-$7.25$1.71-$3.29 Corn yields135155 Corn Revenues$540 to $978$265 to $510 Soybean prices (feed)$10-$14.75$5.15-$5.60 Soybean yields3549 Soybean Revenues$350 to $516$252 to $275 *prices from www.newfarm.org and IL, yields from ILwww.newfarm.org

6. Comparison of Risks Organic operations are more diversified Organic operations are more diversified Key strategy for managing risk Key strategy for managing risk Marketing Risks Marketing Risks Quality Risk: Food-grade premiums higher, but quality much higher too Quality Risk: Food-grade premiums higher, but quality much higher too Growing demand for feed lowers risk Growing demand for feed lowers risk More negotiation required and may wait longer for payment More negotiation required and may wait longer for payment

7. Comparison of Risks For corn: contamination from GMOs (pollen drift) For corn: contamination from GMOs (pollen drift) Certification Risk Certification Risk Need to have good records Need to have good records “Learning Curve” “Learning Curve”

8. Economics of Transition Transitioning is tough Transitioning is tough No transition markets, i.e. no premiums No transition markets, i.e. no premiums Low yields during first 3 years Low yields during first 3 years After 3-5 years in organic, yields may be 90 to 95% conventional After 3-5 years in organic, yields may be 90 to 95% conventional Exceptions: CRP into soybeans, yr 3 yields high Exceptions: CRP into soybeans, yr 3 yields high Initial cost increase/Learning period Initial cost increase/Learning period Retooling and new equipment purchases Retooling and new equipment purchases Is storage adequate? Is storage adequate? Additional labor Additional labor

9. Hidden Costs of Transitioning Learning Curve Learning Curve Does your banker support you? Does your banker support you?

10. Strategies for Successful Transition Don’t need to convert the whole farm at once Don’t need to convert the whole farm at once Instead, convert a bit and learn how to farm organically Instead, convert a bit and learn how to farm organically CRP land that is documented without pesticides can be organic tomorrow CRP land that is documented without pesticides can be organic tomorrow Forages/Grazing land during transition period Forages/Grazing land during transition period

11. Use Government Programs Organic Certification Cost Share, National Organic Program ( USDA-AMS ) up to 75% cost of certification, not to exceed $500 Organic Certification Cost Share, National Organic Program ( USDA-AMS ) up to 75% cost of certification, not to exceed $500 Environmental Quality Incentives Program ( USDA-NRCS ) Environmental Quality Incentives Program ( USDA-NRCS ) Conservation Security Program ( USDA- NRCS ) Conservation Security Program ( USDA- NRCS ) Value-Added Agricultural Producer Grants ( USDA-RBCS ) Value-Added Agricultural Producer Grants ( USDA-RBCS )

12. More Information Crop Budgets: Crop Budgets: Illinois, corn: http://web.aces.uiuc.edu/value/factsheets/corn/fact- organic-corn.htm Illinois, corn: http://web.aces.uiuc.edu/value/factsheets/corn/fact- organic-corn.htm http://web.aces.uiuc.edu/value/factsheets/corn/fact- organic-corn.htm http://web.aces.uiuc.edu/value/factsheets/corn/fact- organic-corn.htm Illinois, soybeans: http://web.aces.uiuc.edu/value/factsheets/soy/fact- organic.htm Illinois, soybeans: http://web.aces.uiuc.edu/value/factsheets/soy/fact- organic.htm http://web.aces.uiuc.edu/value/factsheets/soy/fact- organic.htm http://web.aces.uiuc.edu/value/factsheets/soy/fact- organic.htm South Dakota, multiple crops: http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/agecon/ecguides/2 003org.pdf South Dakota, multiple crops: http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/agecon/ecguides/2 003org.pdf http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/agecon/ecguides/2 003org.pdf http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/agecon/ecguides/2 003org.pdf Kansas, multiple crops: http://www.kansasruralcenter.org/publications/Organi c%20cropping.pdf Kansas, multiple crops: http://www.kansasruralcenter.org/publications/Organi c%20cropping.pdf http://www.kansasruralcenter.org/publications/Organi c%20cropping.pdf http://www.kansasruralcenter.org/publications/Organi c%20cropping.pdf

13. More Information Organic field trials: Organic field trials: http://extension.agron.iastate.edu/organicag/rr.h tml http://extension.agron.iastate.edu/organicag/rr.h tml http://extension.agron.iastate.edu/organicag/rr.h tml http://extension.agron.iastate.edu/organicag/rr.h tml SARE publication on transition SARE publication on transition http://www.sare.org/publications/organic/organic.pdf http://www.sare.org/publications/organic/organic.pdf http://www.sare.org/publications/organic/organic.pdf http://www.sare.org/publications/organic/organic.pdf