1. Module 2.4 Incorporating CBM in national (or sub-national/ jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 1 Module 2.4 Incorporating community based monitoring in national (or jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring Module developer: Margaret Skutsch, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico Arturo Balderas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico Country example: VIETNAM V1, May 2015 Creative Commons License

2. Module 2.4 Incorporating CBM in national (or sub-national/ jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 2 Country examples: VIETNAM  Vietnam is one of the few countries in which there has been experience in the integration of community generated data into larger information systems (though not yet at the national scale)  Here we present an overview of 3 different projects: ● The Sumernet project ● A research project led by Wageningen University ● A pilot project assisted by SNV

3. Module 2.4 Incorporating CBM in national (or sub-national/ jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 3  Locations of the three projects described in this module Map courtesy of Wikipedia

4. Module 2.4 Incorporating CBM in national (or sub-national/ jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 4 The Sumernet project  The Sumernet project (which also has sites in Thailand and Laos) is trying to promote integration of local level and national/regional level data systems  The goal of this project is to research, develop and test methods to integrate community-based participatory carbon measurement and monitoring of above-ground biotic carbon with remote sensing, GIS and web-enabled reporting tools as a Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) System for REDD+ and agroforestry carbon sequestration activities

5. Module 2.4 Incorporating CBM in national (or sub-national/ jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 5 The Sumernet project  Field activities in Vietnam are taking place in Na Muc village, Van Minh Commune and in Tu Dooc village, Lang San Commune, which are both in Na Ri District, Bac Kan Province, about 200 km north of Hanoi  These villages are located close to Kim Hy Forest Reserve; an 18,555 ha protected area established in 1997  Tu Dooc village is in the Reserve’s official buffer zone  Both communities have “Red Book” documentation (i.e. tenure rights) for managing community forests: ● Na Muc village – 118.3 ha ● Dooc Village – 45.1 ha

6. Module 2.4 Incorporating CBM in national (or sub-national/ jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 6 The Sumernet project  An “MRV Guidebook for Integrating Participatory Community Carbon Measurement and Monitoring with Satellite Remote Sensing and GIS” will be developed as an output from this project See also European Tropical Forest Research Network News issue 55 for project results: http://www.etfrn.org/index.php?id=1 http://www.etfrn.org/index.php?id=1  Activities have involved training local people to establish permanent sampling plots: ● A total 32 plots in evergreen forest and 8 in other types of forest were set up in the two communities, in forest parcels which belong to individual members of the community ● Biometric measurements were carried out by 5 community members; Handheld devices were not used in this exercise

7. Module 2.4 Incorporating CBM in national (or sub-national/ jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 7 The Sumernet project Taking DBH measurements in Vietman

8. Module 2.4 Incorporating CBM in national (or sub-national/ jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 8 The Sumernet project  The data was then entered into a secure on-line Forest MRV tool at http:/mrv.carbon2markets.org, for which a password is required (see website for instructions)  It includes a carbon stock calculator that estimates the carbon stock at project or stratum level, based on the plot measurements ● A default allometric equation for tropical moist forest was used, rather than individual allometric equations for each species type ● The default shoot-root ratio (0.20) was used

9. Module 2.4 Incorporating CBM in national (or sub-national/ jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 9 The Sumernet project  Remote sensing data from landsat TM and ETM+ (raster data) is used to create a vegetation index which approximates tree density; threshold values are used to determine forest and non-forest areas  Linear regression is used to calibrate the community gathered plot data with the index, enabling maps of carbon density to be prepared

10. Module 2.4 Incorporating CBM in national (or sub-national/ jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 10 Wageningen University research project  Another project in Vietnam with similar aims (i.e. to combine community gathered data with remotely sensed data at larger scales) used Android based handheld devices for community members to record tree measurements, similar to the system described in the main part of this module  The project was led by researchers from Wageningen University in the Netherlands, and was located in Quang Nam province in central Vietnam, in the forest of Tra Bui commune

11. Module 2.4 Incorporating CBM in national (or sub-national/ jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 11 Wageningen University research project  Plots of 10m radius were laid out in an area of relatively homogeneous forest, and local monitors were trained to take DBH (using tapes) and height measurements (using clinometers), identifying the species in each case  They entered the data in the handheld device (Samsung Galaxy tab 7.0) but also on a paper form (so that their capacity to accurately input data into the handheld could be assessed)  It was found that more than 60% of the local people use mobile phones so this technology is well known to them

12. Module 2.4 Incorporating CBM in national (or sub-national/ jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 12 Wageningen University research project  A major problem was the lack of internet connectivity within the forest, so data had to be stored on the handhelds during the day  Later, data from the handhelds could be uploaded to a local data base using USB connections or SMS, MMS or Bluetooth  The handheld devices have limited battery power, but this was solved using solar chargers

13. Module 2.4 Incorporating CBM in national (or sub-national/ jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 13 Wageningen University research project  Accuracy of measurements was checked by experts in a sample of the plots measured, and carbon stock was calculated using local allometric equations  There was close agreement in local peoples´ and experts´ measurements, but local people took longer to make them  It was found that accuracy of text data by community monitors was higher if the screen displayed a choice of options (rather than self-typed responses), although numerical data was accurately typed in  The cost of data collection by community members was $1.2 per ha, $3.2 per ha for local experts and $ 6.4 per ha for national (university) experts

14. Module 2.4 Incorporating CBM in national (or sub-national/ jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 14 Wageningen University research project  A time series of SPOT 5 images (2007-2011) was used to determine areas that had been subject to disturbance in this period: This enabled a comparison of community data on disturbance areas  There was very high correlation between community reports on incidence and timing of small and medium sized forest disturbances with that shown on the SPOT images, but communities tended to underestimate the area of large forest disturbances  In addition, communities were able to identify areas of selective logging disturbance which does not show up in the remote sensing

15. Module 2.4 Incorporating CBM in national (or sub-national/ jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 15 Wageningen University research project  An important finding of this study is that even high resolution imagery (SPOT 5) does not pick up all disturbances; for this, local, on the ground information is essential  This underlines the need for information systems which combine locally gathered data with remote sensing  More information on this project can be found in: Pratihast et al. (2013) Mobile devices for community-based REDD+ monitoring: a case study for Central Vietnam. Sensors 13, 21-38 (open access, available at http://www.mdpi.com/1424- 8220/13/1/21)

16. Module 2.4 Incorporating CBM in national (or sub-national/ jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 16 A pilot project assisted by SNV  SNV has been collaborating with local partners in Vietnam in developing a pilot participatory REDD+ monitoring. These include: ● The Department of Agricultural and Rural Development ● the Cat Tien National Park ● The Loc Bac Forestry Company ● The Bao Lam Forestry Company ● The Bao Lam District Forest Protection Unit ● The Loc Lam, Loc Bac, Loc Bao communes of Bao Lam district ● and The Quoc Oai commune of Da Teh district

17. Module 2.4 Incorporating CBM in national (or sub-national/ jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 17 A pilot project assisted by SNV  The pilot project started in 2012  11 local monitoring teams and one provincial technical team were established  Each team consists of one technical staff of a state- owned forest company, the Cat Tien National Park, the District SFPD or the Commune People’s Committees and local people.  The teams cover four communes in two different districts in Lam Dong, a province in the Central Highlands of Vietnam

18. Module 2.4 Incorporating CBM in national (or sub-national/ jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 18 A monitoring team

19. Module 2.4 Incorporating CBM in national (or sub-national/ jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 19 A pilot project assisted by SNV  The local monitoring teams were trained to use necessary equipment, to identify sampling plots, and to measure and record data  Each team is provided with data sheets, forest cover map, GPS receiver, clinometer, diameter tape, plot-setting cords, hammer and nails, tags, hammock, back bags, knife, etc., and a PCM manual which was especially written for the exercise and can be accessed at: http://www.snvworld.org/en/redd/publications/participatory-carbon- monitoring-manual-for-local-people http://www.snvworld.org/en/redd/publications/participatory-carbon- monitoring-manual-for-local-people ● NOTE that this project did not use handheld electronic devices for data capture, in contrast with the others. ● NOTE also that it did not attempt to link local data to data at higher levels through remote sensing

20. Module 2.4 Incorporating CBM in national (or sub-national/ jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 20 Main findings of the pilot project  Sufficient training with practical, in-field exercises for all team members are always necessary  Participatory Carbon Management manuals are necessary and helpful for the team leaders  A team of 5 people (one team leader--technical person; and four team members—local people) is suitable in terms of workload and task allocation for plot data collection activities  Local people know the geogaphical settings of forest areas well, making movement through the forests faster and easier  The teams can independently manage to fulfil the task of identifying plots and collecting data on the plots; but it is too early to draw conclusions about the reliability of the data collected

21. Module 2.4 Incorporating CBM in national (or sub-national/ jurisdictional) REDD+ monitoring REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 21 Main findings of the pilot project  Local people in the team, who usually have low educational levels and poor reading and writing skills, find it hard to use the GPS receiver and clinometer, to read maps, and to fill data sheets  Local people more suitable for manual work such as plot set- up, measuring of trees’ diameter; logistic preparation  The technical work of using GPS receivers, recording data using data sheets, are carried out by the team leader who has a technical background  Tough and large geographical conditions mean that the team has to stay overnight in the forests sometimes  Identifying trees species is difficult for most teams