1. Gerund or Infinitive

2. Gerundsing Gerunds are defined as the –ing form of a verb. They have several functions. 1. Used as subjects and complements Skiing Skiing is my favorite sport. Smoking Smoking can be very dangerous. Seeing Seeing is believing.

3. 2. Used as objects following prepositions and prepositional expressions for tending Thanks for tending my children. of typing The job consists of typing, filing, and answering the phone. 3. Used as objects following certain verbs. enjoyed The children enjoyed watching the parade. Ms. Terrell avoided paying her taxes until it was too late.

4. of Roland is afraid of making mistakes. considering Sandy is considering leaving New York.

5. These verbs are commonly followed by gerunds.: admitadviseappreciateavoid can’t helpconsiderdenydiscuss dislikeenjoyfinishforget gokeeplikelove

6. mindmisspostponeprefer quitrecommendregretremember resistriskstartstop suggestthreatentry understand These verbs are commonly followed by gerunds.:

7. In the nineteenth century, people used to _____ (ride) horses. ride

8. I am really looking forward to _____ (play) in the tournament. playing

9. Billy isn't used to _____ (eat) spicy food. eating

10. Kathy is interested in _____ (learn) about her family tree. learning

11. Mrs. Latham doesn't object to _____ (work) overtime. working

12. Always double check your equipment before _____ (go) on a camping trip. going

13. "You can't stop me from _____ (go) with you," he said. going

14. This product is very good for _____ (get) rid of ants. getting

15. Why did you leave without _____ (tell) me? telling

16. I can't afford _____ (take) a vacation this year. to take

17. He won first contest by _____ (practice) several hours a day. practicing

18. Mr. and Mrs. Houghton decided to remodel their kitchen instead of _____ (go) to Hawaii this year. going

19. Have you ever considered ____ (become) a simultaneous interpreter? becoming

20. How did you manage _____ (finish) so fast? to finish

21. The executive denied _____ (write) the memo. writing

22. Some people just can't help _____ (be) rude. being

23. I really enjoy _____ (go) out for dinner. going

24. He refused _____ (provide) the commission with the documents. to provide

25. I didn't intend _____ (upset) you; I was just trying to help. to upset

26. I offered _____ (help) with the party. to help

27. The young man admitted _____ (hack) into the school's computer. hacking

28. You should avoid _____ (eat) immediately after exercising. eating

29. I didn't intend _____ (upset) you; I was just trying to help. to upset

30. She said she was worried about living alone, so I suggested _____ (get) a dog. getting

31. I miss _____ (hang) out with all my old friends. hanging

32. She hopes ______ (pursue) a career in advertising after graduation. to pursue

33. I just finished _____(work) on my thesis, and I'm dog-tired. working

34. Competition is fierce, and we can't afford ______ (make) a mistake. to make

35. He kept _____ (talk) about how great he was, but nobody paid any attention. talking

36. Do you mind _____ (watch) the kids while I go to the store? watching

37. To prevent _____ (lose) data, be sure to back up your work. losing

38. When questioned by police, the thief admitted to _____ (steal) the diamonds. stealing

39. My French teacher advised against _______ (translate) the reading. translating

40. I feel like ________ (get) something to eat. Do you want to come? getting

41. What do you plan on _____ (do) after you graduate? doing

42. I apologize for not _____ (tell) you sooner. telling

43. When I was a kid, I used to dream about _____ (take) trips to exotic places. taking

44. Prof. Boudreau doesn't object to our _____ (use) a dictionary in his French literature class. using

45. I insisted on _____ (speak) to the manager about the defective item. speaking

46. Did you succeed in _____ (fix) your car? fixing

47. In addition to ________ (strengthen) your heart, toning muscle, and helping maintain your ideal weight, exercise may strengthen your immunity against some colds and viral infections. strengthening

48. I object to _____ (be) forced by politicians to change the way I live. being

49. I look forward _____ (meet) your friend. to meeting

50. She is responsible ______ (implement) new policy. for implementing

51. Why do I insist ______ (have) my own business? on having

52. She has taken part ______ (create) this system. in creating

53. I hope that you appreciate ______ (I / offer) you this opportunity. my offering

54. I have difficulty ______ (trust) my partner. in trusting

55. She was arrested in customs last night and has been charged _______ (smuggle). with smuggling

56. They had to ________ (account) all the money that had gone missing. account for

57. Jane is good ______ (play) the piano. at playing

58. Men and women around the world get accustomed ______ (be) overweight. to being

59. I don't approve _______ (smoke) in restaurants because it is so upsetting usually for non-smokers. of smoking

60. The publicity campaign was aimed _________ (improve) the eating habits of children. at improving

61. It was a campaign that focused __________ (invest) in better hospitals, schools and roads. on investing

62. They admitted ______ (commit) the crime. to committing

63. They admitted ______ (commit) the crime. to committing

64. They prevented us _______ (win). from winning

65. They prevented us _______ (win). from winning

66. Ireland doesn't allow _______ (smoke) in bars. smoking

67. Ireland doesn't allow people _______ (smoke) in bars. to smoke

68. California doesn't permit ______ (fish) without a fishing license. fishing

69. California doesn't permit people ______ (fish) without a fishing license. to fish

70. The certificate requires _______ (complete) two courses. completing

71. The certificate requires students _________ (complete) two courses. to complete

72. She is addicted ______ (watch) TV. to watching

73. I am bored _____ (do) the same old job. of doing

74. She is committed ________ (improve) her English. to improving

75. The organization is dedicated _______ (end) poverty. to ending

76. The money will be devoted ________ (protect) the environment. to protecting

77. He was discouraged _____ (not / get) the job. by not getting

78. She is frightened ______ (be) alone at night. of being

79. The banker was guilty ________ (steal) money. of stealing

80. She was known _______ (cause) problems. for causing

81. They are opposed ________ (build) a new road in the park. to building

82. The surfer is terrified ______ (be) attacked by a shark. of being

83. The delay _______ (process) the visa caused problems. in processing

84. His devotion ______ (bike) allowed him to win the competition. to biking

85. His habit _________ (smoke) in restaurants caused many problems in California. of smoking

86. Their memories ______ (travel) in Africa will stay with them forever. of traveling

87. I think his preference ________ (speak) his native language is natural. for speaking

88. The main reason ______ (take) the course is to improve your language skills. for taking

89. The criminal's regret _______ (commit) the crime did not convince the judge. for committing

90. The magazine's report _______ choose the right car was not well researched. on choosing

91. Her reputation ______ (lie) is well known. for lying

92. I don't know if I believe his story _______ (see) a UFO. about seeing