1. Governance Aspects of Food Safety in Bangladesh: A comparative look through the global governance model Governance Aspects of Food Safety in Bangladesh: A comparative look through the global governance model Md Zahirul Islam Khan Graduate School of Law Kyushu University, Japan

2. Introduction Food Security and Food Safety As defined in the World Food Summit-1996 “Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.” According to this definition the Bangladesh National Food Policy, 2006 categorized food security as: enhanced food availability, increased food access by the food insecure, and adequate supply of safe and nutritious food. Thus, food safety is an inclusive aspect of food security. Source: Ministry of Food and Disaster Management, Bangladesh and World Food Programme,“Food Security in Bangladesh”: Workshop, IDB Building, Dhaka, October 19-29, 2005), http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/liaison_office/wfp120476.pdf, (accessed October 19, 2011). http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/liaison_office/wfp120476.pdf

3. Food Safety Threats in Bangladesh Arsenic in Food Chain Genetically Modified Food Environment Pollutants in Food Chain Human induced food adulteration during Farm Production, Industrial Production, Marketing, and Street Food Vending (As an example next slide shows the trend of pesticide use in Bangladesh)

4. Source: Bangladesh Statistical Year Book 2010

5. Implications  Health  Trade and Economy: e.g. graphs below explain health and trade implications:

6. Source: Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh 2010, Chart percentages represent detail cause below: 23%(food borne illness): Liver diseases, jaundice, diarrhea, dysentery, TB, peptic ulcer, malnutrition, skin diseases, leprosy, arsenic, kidney, appendicitis, warm and other, 22%(indirect food and related): heart disease, stroke, blood pressure, diabetes, paralysis, tumor, cancer, 10%(infectious diseases): Chicken pox, measles, polio, fever, malaria, typhoid, influenza, diphtheria, meningitis, tetanus, gonorrhea, HIV, 18%(Asthma and related): Asthma, respiratory diseases, rheumatic fever, rheumatism, ENT diseases, 10%(Accident and related): suicide, murder, burn, snakebite, poisoning, drowning, rabies, mental diseases, drug abuse, epilepsy, pregnancy and abortion problem and the rest17% old age

7. Source: Bangladesh Economic Census 2011

9. Global Governance Model for Food Safety (General Framework) Source: Marion Dreyer and Renn Ortwin, Food Safety Governance: Integrating Science, Precaution and Public Involvement( Verlag: Springer, 2009), 1-10

10. Governance for Food Safety in Bangladesh  Constitutional mandate: Article 15: provision for basic necessities including food, and Article 18(1): raising of level of nutrition and improvement of public health  Food safety basic laws: The Pure Food Ordinance 1959, The Pure Food (Amendment) Act 2005 and Pure Food Rules 1967 provides basic framework of food law that includes scope and definitions, administration and enforcement guidelines for food safety.  Subsidiary laws: A number of laws partially address food safety issues, such as S.272and S.273 of Penal Code 1860, S.26C of Special Power Act 1974, BSTI Ordinance 1985, Mobile Court Act 2009, Consumers Rights Protection Act 2009 and different local government laws.

12. Governance Gaps in Bangladesh as per Global Model

13. Causes of governance gaps  Government’s response gaps  Socio-economic factors  Unmanageable challenges due to Arsenic, GM food, and environmental factors (Graphs below explain partially the reasons of response gaps:)

14. Source: Bangladesh Statistical Year Book 2010

16. Conclusion Food Safety Governance is an abstract idea in Bangladesh Governance gaps could be filled gradually using existing resources. Health and trade implications of governance gaps is significant Implementing global governance approach and single coordination approaches are feasible for piloting food safety governance in Bangladesh

17. Thank You