1. FCST 342 Montclair State University
Gender & Families
Family Sociology
3-D rings
(Intermediate)
Select the second donut shape. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the arrow next to Shape Fill, and then under Theme Colors click Purple, Accent 4, Darker 25% (fifth row, eighth option from the left).
Also under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane. In the 3-D Format pane, under Depth, click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Purple, Accent 4, Darker 25% (fifth row, eighth option from the left).
To reproduce the effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Donut (third row, second option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a donut shape.
Press and hold CTRL, and then select the second donut shape and text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the donut shape. Drag the yellow diamond adjustment handle to the left to decrease the width of the donut shape.
Drag the third donut shape and text box slightly above and to the left of the second donut shape.
Click the third text box and edit the text.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Select the third donut shape. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Height box, enter 4.17”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 3.33”.
In the Shape Height box, enter 3.33”.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the arrow next to Shape Fill, and then under Theme Colors click Aqua, Accent 5, Darker 25% (fifth row, ninth option from the left).
In the Shape Width box, enter 4.17”.
On the third text box, drag the pink diamond and blue adjustment handles to adjust the amount of text warp so that it matches the curve of the third donut shape.
Drag the third text box onto the third donut shape.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the arrow next to Shape Outline, and then click No Outline.
Select the third donut shape. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the arrow next to Shape Fill, and then under Theme Colors click Olive Green, Accent 3, Darker 25% (fifth row, seventh option from the left).
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then do the following in the 3-D Format pane:
Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel click Convex (second row, third option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 5 pt, and then in the Height box, enter 5 pt. Click the button next to Bottom, and then under Bevel click Convex (second row, third option from the left). Next to Bottom, in the Width box, enter 5 pt, and then in the Height box, enter 5 pt.
Also under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane. In the 3-D Format pane, under Depth, click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Olive Green, Accent 3, Darker 25% (fifth row, seventh option from the left).
Select the first donut shape. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back.
Under Depth, click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Aqua, Accent 5, Darker 25% (fifth row, ninth option from the left). In the Depth box, enter 30 pt.
Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Special Effect click Soft Edge (second option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Neutral click Three Point (first row, first option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 30°.
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Shadow in the left pane, and then do the following in the Shadow pane:
Click the button next to Presets, and then under Outer click Offset Diagonal Bottom Left (first row, third option from the left).
In the Angle box, enter 270.
In the Blur box, enter 11 pt.
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Rotation in the left pane. In the 3-D Rotation pane, click the button next to Presets, and then under Parallel click Off Axis 1 Top (second row, third option from the left).
In the Angle box, enter 90°.
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box. On the slide, drag to draw a text box.
In the Position box, enter 31%.
Enter text in the text box (Note: Enter three spaces before and after the text), select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Franklin Gothic Medium from the Font list and then select 24 from the Font Size list.
On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box.
Select the text box. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and then under Warp click Can Down (fourth row, fourth option from the left).
Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 200, Green: 201, Blue: 193.
On the text box, drag the pink diamond and blue adjustment handles to adjust the amount of text warp so that it matches the curve of the donut shape.
Drag the text box onto the donut shape.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click the arrow next to Text Fill, point to Gradient, and then click More Gradients. In the Format Text Effects dialog box, click Text Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Text Fill pane, and then do the following:
In the Angle box, enter 0°.
In the Type list, select Linear.
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until three stops appear in the slider.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
In the Position box, enter 0%.
Select the next stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Transparency box, enter 0%.
In the Position box, enter 30%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 Darker 15% (third row, first option from the left).
Select the last stop in the slider, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 35% (fifth row, first option from the left).
In the Position box, enter 100%.
Press CTRL-A to select the shape and the text. One the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Group.
Select the group. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the second shape group, and then, on the slide, drag it slightly above and to the right of the first donut shape.
Select the text in the second text box and edit the text.
Select the second donut shape. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 3.75”.
In the Shape Height box, enter 3.75”.
Drag the second text box onto the second donut shape.
On the second text box, drag the pink diamond and blue adjustment handles to adjust the amount of text warp so that it matches the curve of the second donut shape.
FCST 342 Montclair State University
RING ONE

2. Gender & Families
Individuals and families are influenced by larger social forces that we may not always notice
In the next few classes we will focus on three critical dimensions of families
Gender
Race/ethnicity
Sexual orientation

3. Gender & Families
The distinction between male and female, masculine and feminine is basic to the study of families
All societies exhibit a sharp distinction between what women and men do in families
All cultures divide family labor like housework and child care based on gender

4. Gender Theory
Gender theory argues that differences between men and women are socially constructed.
That means we LEARN how to act like boys or girls, we are not necessarily born liking pink vs. blue
Gender theory emphasizes the role of society or culture, rather than biology.
In other words being feminine or masculine is learned and created through our social interactions

5. Sex & Gender Sociologists distinguish between sex and gender
Sex: refers to the biological attributes that distinguish females from males such as: chromosomes, hormones, and “anatomical apparatus”
Gender: refers to the cultural and social meanings, experiences, and characteristics that are defined as appropriate for females and males
i.e. boys can’t wear skirts, boys should not cry, girls are good at cooking, or women don’t play basketball as well as men

6. Gender Theory
Because gender is a SOCIAL construction it is fluid or always changing
Then….

7. Gender Theory
Because gender is a SOCIAL construction it is fluid or always changing
Now…

8. Sex & Gender Sex is a biological creation Gender is a social creation
Sociologists argue that gender is “socially constructed” or created
In other words men and women learn many masculine and feminine behaviors though socialization

10. Social Construction of Gender
Why do sociologists argue that gender is socially constructed?
1) Expectations of each gender vary from society to another
Example: In Pakistan it is common for male friends to hold hands but this is not common among American men.
2) Gender behaviors vary within one culture at different points in time
Example: Men’s fashions in 17th century America were much more “feminine” compared to men’s fashions today.

11. Social Construction of Gender
Why do sociologists argue that gender is socially constructed?
3) The meanings of masculinity and femininity change over the course of a person’s life.
Example: The meaning of femininity changes as women age – compare pre-pubescent girls to women who are of childbearing age or who are postmenopausal
4) Meaning of gender varies among different groups within a particular culture at a given point in time.
Example: Gender behaviors may be structured by class, race, ethnicity, age, region of the country etc.

12. Sociological Perspectives on Gender
How are gender roles acquired & how is gender constructed?
Gender role approach focuses on the how parents, and other social institutions transmit gendered expectations about appropriate behavior through socialization
Socialization is the process by which individuals acquire society’s norms and values
Socialization is a life long process

13. The Social Construction of Gender and the Media
As gender is fluid ideas of appropriate roles and stereotypes can change:

14. Sociological Perspectives on Gender
West and Zimmerman ‘Doing Gender’
Argue that we need to be continually “resocialized” into gender roles or reminded how to act like a man or act like a woman
Gender is produced through interaction
For example: in families – doing housework is “doing gender”
Men and women reinforce gender roles by doing gender appropriate household work EVERY DAY!

15. Sociological Perspectives on Gender
West and Zimmerman ‘Doing Gender’
They argue that gender is a “routine accomplishment” embedded in every day interaction
In other words, we are continually acting out being a man or being a woman in social situations
Gender emerges from an interaction or a social situation

16. Sociological Perspectives on Gender
West and Zimmerman ‘Doing Gender’
Can you think of an example when you were doing gender:
I was doing gender when:

17. Doing Gender in Families

18. Doing Gender?

19. Doing Gender?

20. Paid Work, Gender & Families
After rising for several decades, the labor force participation rate for women has shown little growth in recent years
The participation rate for adult men has drifted down over time.
Mothers with older children have highest labor force participation rate
WHY?
Children are expensive!!

22. The latest figures on unemployment
2008
According to the most recent figures: the unemployment rate:
for men: 27% up from 20% in 1970
for women 40.5% decreased from 57% in 1970
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Employment and earnings online January
Retreived from
September 24, 2010

25. Male dominance in government has declined only recently
Before 1992, there had never been more than 2 women among our 100 U.S. senators.
As of 2007,
16 women in the Senate
(out of 100)
71 women in House of Representatives
(out of 435)
The former Speaker of the House, Nancy Pelosi, was the only woman to hold that job (now replaced by a man)
Only 16 percent of the U.S. Congress are women
Source: History News Networkhttp://hnn.us/roundup/entries/33847.html

26. Male dominance in government has declined only recently
A recent set of polls conducted BEFORE the last presidential election found:
percent believe the U.S. is ready to elect a woman president
Over 74 percent believe the U.S, is ready to elect an African/American/black candidate
Source:

27. Sociological Perspectives on Gender
Now lets really think deeply about the interaction between sexual identity and gender
Chaz Bono has transitioned from being a woman to a man

28. Sociological Perspectives on Gender
Taking your husbands name ….
Some argue – it is just easier if couple and children have the same name –
Others argue - isn’t changing your name on all legal documents confusing and time consuming?
And why is it almost always women who change their names to their husbands’ name?
This is a holdover from older patriarchal customs

29. Summary
Summary
Acting in gender appropriate ways reinforces gender differences
Sociologists argue that gender is socially constructed through economic and social constraints on women’s behavior and their ability to achieve equality with men

30. Summary
Summary
Gender is continuously constructed through everyday interaction – “doing gender”
Men’s power is embedded in the social structure
Gender and families are intertwined
Families are a social institution in which gender is socially constructed