1. Solutions and Solubility Solution Concentration SCH 3U Tomins

2. What is Solution Concentration? Concentration is a measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a volume of solution. Solution concentration can be measured in different units depending on the type of solution, the ratio of solute to solution and the purpose for the solution.

3. Why are there so many different ways to express Concentration? This is because there are so many different solutions. Solutions have very different components, mixed in different proportions. Solutions have different uses in many fields - pharmaceuticals, metallurgy, jewellery, agriculture, laboratory work, cleaning…

4. Concentration - % W/V (%m/v) This concentration usually describes a solid solute dissolved in a liquid solvent. Example of a solution that uses this concentration unit: -Intravenous solution is 0.90% (m/v) NaCl (this means 0.90g NaCl dissolved in 100mL of solution)

5. Concentration - % W/W (%m/m) This concentration usually describes a solid solute in a solid solvent. Example of a solution that uses this concentration unit: -Toothpaste is 0.24% (m/m) SnF 2 (this means 0.24g SnF 2 dissolved in100g of solution)

6. Concentration - % V/V (%v/v) This concentration usually describes a liquid solute in a liquid solvent. Example of a solution that uses this concentration unit: -Wine is 11.0% (v/v) Ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH) (this means 11.0 mL of ethanol is dissolved in 100mL of solution, ie the wine.) % v/v = volume of solute (mL) x 100% volume of solution (mL)

7. Concentration - ppm This concentration describes very small masses of any solute in a mass of solution. Example of a solution that uses this concentration unit: -Bottled water contains 280 ppm of HCO 3 1-, 118 ppm Ca… (this means every 1 000 000 parts of solution contain 280 parts of HCO 3 1- solute) *1ppm = 1 drop of water in a bathtub

8. Expressing ppm in various units 1ppm = 1 g/10 6 mL 1 g/1000 L 1 mg/L 1 mg/kg 1 ug/g *Choose the unit that matches the information given in the example you are calculating.

9. Concentration - ppb This concentration describes extremely small masses of any solute in a mass of solution. Example of a solution that uses this concentration unit: -Trace amounts of pollutants in food products, air and water (a concentration of 25 ppb means every 1 000 000 000 parts of solution contain 25 parts of solute) *1ppb = 1 drop in a full swimming pool!

10. Molar Concentration - Molarity (M) This concentration unit describes the amount of solute (in moles) dissolved in 1 litre of solution. Example of a solution that uses this concentration unit: -Laboratory solutions - HCl 1.25M (mol/L) This means that 1.25 moles of HCl are dissolved in 1.00L of solution. Chemists use Molarity because it allows them to relate concentration to moles of a substance. Molar concentration = amount of solute (moles) volume of solution (litres) C = n_ v