1. TOPIC: intro to solutions and Concentration Do Now:

2. Classification of Matter Matter Pure Substanc es Mixtures HomogeneousMixturesHeterogeneousMixturesElementsCompounds

3. Solution = (aq) Homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances in a single physical state (phase)

4. Parts of a Solution SoluteSolute = dissolved substance SolventSolvent = dispersing medium (often water)

5. Solutions occur in all 3 phases! Alloys: Brass, etc.Solid Fillings: Hg in AgSolidLiquid H 2 in Pd metalSolidGas Salt waterLiquidSolid Antifreeze in radiatorLiquid Seltzer WaterLiquidGas MothballsGasSolid Water Vapor in AirGasLiquid AirGas ExampleSolventSolute

6. Gas in a liquid: CO 2 in and out of water Bubbles mean it ’ s a heterogeneous mixture not a solution! How can you tell a gas is in a liquid??!?

7. Alloys Solid in solid

8. We can determine how much solute and solvent make up a solution = CONCENTRATION Concentration = A measurement that describes how much solute is in a given amount of solvent or solution. Many, many different units to express concentration. Molarity Molarity PPM (parts per million) PPM (parts per million) % by mass % by mass % by volume % by volume

9. Molarity (M) Molarity (M) = moles of solute liters of solution liters of solution 0.1 M HCl : molarity = 0.1M 1M NaSO 4 : molarity = 1M

10. So why do aqueous solutions need.1M or 3M in front?!?!?!

12. For M, you need moles, so sometimes you’ll have to convert grams to moles moles grams 1 mol FM g 1 mol FM = formula mass Ex: Na 3 PO 4 Na = 3 x 23 = 69 P = 1 x 31 = 31 O = 4 x 16 = 64 164g/mol

13. Sometimes give mL of solution instead of Liters must be Milliliters must be converted to liters Sometimes ask for: –moles/volume of solute rather than molarity –SO How do you manipulate this equation? –NOTE: 1 g = 1 ml of water M = mol L L = mol M mol = M L M L mol

14. Practice before you start p.16-17 1. What is the formula mass of a. KNO 3 2. Convert to moles a. 58g NaCl 3. Convert to L a. 500ml b. 10ml 4. Convert to grams a. 1000ml b. 1L c. 50ml ---------------101 g/mol ---1 mol --0.5L ---0.01L ---1000g ---1000ml = 1000g ---50g

15. Percent By mass mass (solute) x 100% mass (solution) By volume volume (solute) x 100% volume (solution)

16. Mass solution = Mass solute + Mass solvent