1. Personal Software Process Overview CIS 376 Bruce R. Maxim UM-Dearborn

2. Process Improvement 1. Define the quality goal 2. Measure product quality 3. Understand the process 4. Adjust the process 5. Use the adjusted process 6. Measure the results 7. Compare results to goal 8.Go to step 4 and continue improvements

3. These notes are based on: Introduction to the Personal Software Process Watts S. Humphrey Addison-Wesley Longman (1997)

4. Logic of Time Management You will likely spend your time this week the same way you did last week You have to track the way you spend time to allow for planning You must compare your time estimates and plans to what you actually did You need to determine where your previous plans were in error and correct future planning To mange your time, you need to make a plan and follow your plan

5. Understanding How You Spend Time Categorize your major activities Record time spent in each major activity Record time in a standard way Keep the time data in a convenient place –engineering notebook –include a table of contents –used for planning and recording time

6. Tabular Time Recording Log Pages Date Start Time Stop Time Interruption Time Delta Time (interruption time removed) Activity Name Comments Completed Task (check box) Units of Work Completed

7. Hints on Logging Time Keep the engineering notebook with you at all times When you forget to record a time, make an estimate and write it down as soon as possible Use a stop watch to time interruptions Summarize your time promptly

8. Period and Product Planning Period Planning –based on period of time (e.g. week) –details how time is spent during this period Product Planning –based on an activity (e.g. writing a program) –products may be things like programs, documents, knowledge, or service provided Both are important

9. Period Planning Using the Weekly Activity Summary Table with task names as column headings and days/dates as the row labels Table cells contain total time on that task for a given date Totals are computed for each row and column Summary table is computed for current week and compared to summary table for previous week

10. Weekly Summary Table

11. Product Plan Components Estimated size of the product Important features of product Time estimates for the required work Projected schedule Note: Small jobs do not require plans that are as sophisticated as large jobs

12. Job Number Log Rows are organized for each project task (not by date) Columns –Date –Process –Estimated: Time and Units (based on past experience) –Actual: Time, Units, and Production Rate –To Date: Time, Units, Production Rate, Minimum Production Rate, and Maximum Production Rate

13. Elements of Time Management Decide how you want to spend your time Make a time budget Track the way you spend your time Decide what changes to make in your time budget Make your actions agree with your time budget

14. Managing Variable Time Determine your highest priority items Determine the deadlines for specific tasks Identify activities that you want to do as soon as you have time to do them

15. Managing Commitments Personal commitments are viewed as being voluntary Contractual commitments involve two parties agreeing on an action and a time frame True commitments involve explicit and voluntary agreement between two or more parties

16. Agreements Required What will be done Who will do it When it will be done Compensation or other consideration to be given upon completion Who is to provide the compensation

17. Managing Commitments Analyze the job before agreeing to the commitment Support the commitment with a plan Document the agreement If you are unable to complete your commitment, notify all affected parties promptly and try to minimize the impact of your failure to complete your obligation

18. Handling Missed Commitments Don’t just give up trying Check with an independent expert for alternative strategies to meet the commitment Consider adding resources to project Look for smarter ways to do the design Waiting until the last minute to recognize the problem always leads to disaster

19. Consequences of Failing to Manage Commitments Work required exceeds time available Failure to meet commitments Misplaced priorities Poor quality work Loss of trust Loss of respect for your judgement

20. Project Management If you are falling behind, your schedule will continue to slip unless you do something different Simply trying harder will not help You are in trouble if you do not know how much of a project is completed and how much remains When you need luck to meet a commitment you will not get it When your estimates are wrong, they are most likely to be too low Almost all changes involve more work

21. Managing Personal Schedules Gantt charts based on project check points or milestones (e.g. completed activities) Tracking earned value (e.g. line graphs showing estimated, projected, and actual completion times) MS Project type tools

22. Why are we doing all this? The quality of a software system is determined by the quality of its worst components. The quality of a software components is determined by the quality of its developer’s knowledge, discipline, and commitment. As software professionals you should now how to measure, track, and analyze your own performance. You should be able to learn from your past failures and improve your personal practices.

23. What is Personal Software Process? PSP0 –You establish a measured performance baseline PSP1 –You make size, resource, and schedule plans PSP2 –You practice defect management and yield management PSP3 –You scale up PSP methods to larger projects

24. PSP Overview - 2 PSP0 Current process Time recording Defect recording Defect type standard PSP1 Size estimating Test report PSP2 Code reviews Design reviews PSP3 Cyclic development PSP2.1 Design templates PSP1.1 Task planning Schedule planning PSP0.1 Coding standard Size measurement Process improvement proposal (PIP)

25. The CMM and the PSP - 2 Level 2 Software configuration management Software quality assurance Software subcontract management Software project tracking and oversight* Software project planning* Requirements management *PSP key process areas Level 3 Peer reviews* Intergroup coordination Software product engineering* Integrated software management* Training program Organization process definition* Organization process focus* Level 4 Quality management* Process measurement and analysis* Level 5: Process change management* Technology innovation* Defect prevention* Level 1 1 2 3 4 5

26. PSP0 Process A simple defined personal process Uses your current design and development methods You need to gather data on: –time spent by phase –defects found in by compile and test Prepare a summary report

27. PSP0 Process Elements Process script Project plan summary form Time recording log Defect reporting log Defect type standard

28. Defect Recording Log Defect type Phase in which defect was injected (best guess) Phase in which defect was found and repaired Time to fix defect If defect was injected during repair of another defect (e.g. fix defect) what fix was it (best guess) Note: A defect is any thing that must be changed for the program to be properly developed, enhanced, or used

29. PSP Standard Defect Types Documentation Syntax Build or package Assignment Interface Checking Data Function System Environment

30. PSP Higher Level Processes You must be operating at PSP0 to begin to move up We discussed the most project planning issues for PSP1 in CIS 375 PSP2 is concerned with defect and yield management (our focus for the next 3 weeks from Sommerville)