1. RESQML™ for 3D/4D Reservoir Characterization
Michael J. King
Senior Advisor, BP America, Inc.
Energistics Standards Seminar SPE Digital Energy Conference
6 April 2009

2. Outline Introduction RESCUE Consortium RESQML™ in Energistics
History, Membership, Workflow
RESQML™ in Energistics
Context and Structure
RESQML™ Roadmap
Requirements, Use Cases, Evolution
Discussion / Questions? 2

3. Introduction

4. Why Build A 3D Reservoir Model?
3D Detailed Geologic Static Model
Understanding the resource in place
Understanding the play type
Well targeting
Upscaled Flow Simulation Model
Performance prediction in the absence of dynamic data
Starting point for a history match when dynamic data is available
Prediction of reserves per well
Prediction of new processes in an existing field
3D Reservoir Modelling Workflow
(After Roxar RMS)

5. Position in the E&P Business Processes
High Frequency
Low Frequency
After Chevron, ExxonMobil 30
SCADA
Systems
Sensor Data
OPC Domain
Reservoir
Models
Geoscience Data
Application A B
etc. C
De facto Standards, RESQML™ Domain
PRODML™ Domain
Many Production Applications
Maintenance Systems
Maintenance Domain
Drilling Systems
WITSML™ Domain 5

6. RESCUE Consortium 6

7. RESCUE Consortium – 1 / 3
Initiated in 1995, RESCUE is a Joint Industry Project managed by Energistics (formerly POSC). The acronym 'RESCUE' stands for REServoir Characterization Using Epicentre
The purpose was to provide a forum for the development of an open standard for the transfer of data from “geomodels to upscalers”, specifically through the use of the POSC Epicenter data model 7

8. RESCUE Consortium – 2 / 3
Delivery of the standard replaced Epicenter with a collection of binary flat files to describe:
Structural Framework: Faults & Horizons
3D Grids: Static and Simulation
Wells: Especially Log Data
To ensure a common implementation a set of Class Libraries were developed under contract to the RESCUE project, and are the vehicle of choice for implementing an API to the RESCUE standard. 8

9. RESCUE Consortium – 3 / 3 RESCUE Organization Oil Company Sponsors
Mike Castleberg, Program Manager
Rod Hanks, Class Libraries
Oil Company Chair
Oil Company Sponsors
Shell, BP, Total, StatoilHydro
Vendors
20+ Current Members delivering commercial applications with RESCUE readers &/or writers
ILAB’s “Interactive Laboratories”
Multi-vendor testing and development
Oil company guidance
Genuine collaboration

10. RESCUE in the Workflow Initial Scope: Static to Dynamic
RESCUE provides for the transfer of the 3D Reservoir Model from the “Static” to the “Dynamic” Domain
RESCUE
3D Grid is the primary data
Faults / Horizons / Wells associated with the grid
Provides a link from Geologic to Simulation Vendors
Workflow has been extended to support better multi-vendor reservoir characterization
3D Reservoir Modelling Workflow
(After Roxar RMS)

11. RESCUE in Use Deepwater GOM Appraisal
Large Structure
Partially Subsalt
Structurally Complex
Potentially Complex Channel Architecture
Faults & Fault Seal?
Connected Volumes?
Reserves per Well?
Performance Prediction?
RESCUE used to combine multiple analyses since no one application could provide adequate technical assessment
Partial updates can be managed in RESCUE now, but it takes user skill and specific application experience

12. RESQML™ in Energistics12

13. Energistics Subject Areas RESQML™ SIG initiated 1 Jan 2009
Asset/Data Management SIG
RESQML + WITSML
Real-time updates of 3D reservoir models while drilling
eRegulatory SIG
Asset Management
<RESQML/> SIG
Production Geology
Production
Reservoir
Reservoir
RESQML + PRODML
Rapid integration of production history to validate &/or calibrate models
Geology SIG
Geology
Engineering
Engineering
Expl
Petrophysics
Petrophysics
Petroleum
Petroleum
Expl Geology
Geology
Engineering
Engineering
Industry Services SIG
Technical Architecture
Energy Identity Trust
Drilling
Drilling
Production
Production
Facilities
Facilities
Engineering
Engineering
Engineering
Engineering
Engineering
Engineering
Completion &
Drilling
Completion &
Drilling
Production
Production
Geophysics
Geophysics
Operations
Workover
Operations
Workover
Operations
Operations
Geophysics SIG
<WITSML/>
<PRODML/>
SIG
SIG 13

14. RESQML™ Team Structure
Steering Committee
Scope, Direction, Marketing
Use Case Team
Workflows, Processes, and Requirements
RESCUE
Maintenance of the existing libraries (v37.7)
Technical Teams
Infrastructure
Binary, ASCII to Binary, Shared Utilities
Wells
WITSML with RESQML extensions
Structural “Earth Model”
Faults, Horizons & Structural Framework
GRID “Reservoir Model”
3D Grids, Properties & Cell Connections
Discretized: Faults, Horizons & Well Perforations

15. RESQML™ Roadmap & Requirements15

16. RESQML™ Requirements Support for partial model transfer and updates
Enhanced integration with 3D/4D Seismic data
Commercial / Life of Field data integrity
Managing Risk & Uncertainty
Geomechanical Support
Giga-Cell Models
Unstructured Grids

17. RESQML™ Roadmap
RESCUE v37 remains the standard in production use until RESQML™ enabled applications render it obsolete
2009: Version 0.0
As of today, we are four months into the new Energistics SIG and are making good progress towards an XML-based standard based on relatively simple models
2009: Version 1.0
By year end, first standard published for vendor comment & prototype implementation
2010: Version 1.N
Revisions of 1.0 plus new features
2010/11: Version 2.0
First release in commercial vendor tools

18. RESQML™ Roadmap - Structural
Version 1.0
Faults and Horizons transferred as individual objects
Version 2.0
Faults and Horizons in a Structural Framework
Rich set of representations, e.g., tri-surfaces, 2d grids, scattered data, etc.
Discretized faults, horizon & structure on the GRID
Version 3.0
Multiple realizations
Enhanced metadata
Rule based (?)

19. RESQML™ Roadmap - GRID Version 1.0 Version 2.0 Version 3.0
Single / Multiple Corner Point Grids
Numerical Local Grid Refinement
Straight / Piecewise Linear / Spline Coordinate Lines
Multiple layering schemes
Static and Dynamic cell properties, with packing
Non-Standard Adjacency (Pinch-out & Faults)
Version 2.0
Geometric Local Grid Refinement & Coarsening
Seismic Volumes / Tartan Simulation Grids
Node based properties (geomechanics & seismic)
Version 3.0
Radial Grids
Streamline-based unstructured grids
Unstructured Cell Indexing and Truncated Grids
2.5D and 3D PEBI Grids

20. Energistics Subject Areas
Asset/Data Management SIG
eRegulatory SIG
Asset Management
<RESQML/>
Production
Production
Reservoir
Reservoir
SIG
Geology SIG
Geology
Geology
Engineering
Engineering
Expl
Expl
Petrophysics
Petrophysics
Petroleum
Petroleum
Geology
Geology
Engineering
Engineering
Industry Services SIG
Technical Architecture
Energy Identity Trust
Drilling
Drilling
Production
Production
Facilities
Facilities
Engineering
Engineering
Engineering
Engineering
Engineering
Engineering
Completion &
Drilling
Completion &
Drilling
Production
Production
Geophysics
Geophysics
Operations
Workover
Operations
Workover
Operations
Operations
Geophysics SIG
<WITSML/>
<PRODML/>
SIG
SIG 20 20

21. Discussion & Questions?21

22. Backup! 22

23. Discussion & Questions?
Business Processes
High Frequency
Low Frequency
After Chevron, ExxonMobil 30
SCADA
Systems
Sensor Data
OPC Domain
Reservoir
Models
Geoscience Data
Application A B
etc. C
De facto Standards, RESQML™ Domain
PRODML™ Domain
Many Production Applications
Maintenance Systems
Maintenance Domain
Drilling Systems
WITSML™ Domain 23

24. RESQML™ Requirements – 1a / 5
What Have We Learned from RESCUE?
Work processes, not a single “Static to Dynamic” Workflow
Also “Static to Static” and “Dynamic to Static” transfers
Support for partial model transfers & updates
Structural description in Application-1
Properties in Application-2
Well design in Application-3
Upscaling in Application-4
Dynamic Predictions in Application-5
Transfer predictions back to the static model
Review Performance Against Predictions in Application-6
Update description back in Applications-1,2,…

25. RESQML™ Requirements – 1b / 5
Partial updates can be managed in RESCUE now, but it takes user skill and specific application experience
Deepwater GOM Appraisal
Large Structure
Partially Subsalt
Structurally Complex
Potentially Complex Channel Architecture
Faults & Fault Seal?
Connected Volumes?
Reserves per Well?
Performance Prediction?
RESCUE used to combine multiple analyses since no one application could provide adequate technical assessment

26. RESQML™ Requirements – 2 / 5
Commercial Requirements are More Rigorous
Sarbanes-Oxley has increased the rigor which we must document reserves, with supporting data & interpretations
“7 Years + Life of Field” has increased the need for Vendor & Application neutral data formats
The use of Markup Language allows RESQML™ to represent significantly more metadata on interpretations and data sources than does RESCUE.

27. RESQML™ Requirements – 3 / 5
Managing Risk and Uncertainly
Markup language provides extensions to our current data structures to support multiple reservoir models
Examples:
Here is a collection of 10 equi-likely reservoir models
Here is a most-likely and a standard distribution “Top Reservoir” map which honors all of our well data.
Please create 100 equi-likely Top Reservoir maps
Extensions:
Representation by Value
Representation by a Collection
Representation by a Rule

28. RESQML™ Requirements – 4 / 5
Giga-cell Models
Successful continued infill development of mature producing reservoirs requires more detail, higher resolution, and better Static  Dynamic integration
Example: SPE
“From Mega-Cell to Giga-Cell Reservoir Simulation” Ali Dogru et.al., Saudi Arabian Oil Company
109 cell dynamic simulation models
cell static geologic models
RESCUE interchange formats have not been optimized for systems of this size
cell static geologic models are common

29. RESQML™ Requirements – 5 / 5
Additional Classes of Models
4D Seismic exceptionally useful for reservoir surveillance and management
Geomechanical models extend from the surface to beyond the reservoir
Seismic Volumes
Tartan Simulation Grids
Unstructured Grids
Streamline simulation models are based on 1D streamlines embedded in a 3D space
Unstructured Cell Indexing and Truncated Grids are in current use by several 3D Static modeling applications to describe complex structures, especially reverse faults
2.5D and 3D PEBI grids are in use in the Simulation Domain