1. Allopatric speciation Similar species - separate geographical areas

2. Allopatric speciation

3. Geographic barriers Mountain ranges

4. Water separating land masses (for terrestrial species) Geographic barriers

6. Land separating bodies of water (for aquatic, especially freshwater species)

7. Geographic barriers Glaciers

8. Geographic barriers Valleys

9. Squirrels separated by the canyon

11. Adapted by becoming more camouflaged Adapted by mimicking poisonous species

12. Allopatry  Gene flow Different selective pressures Reproductive isolation New Zealand separated from Australia before mammals appeared Many bird species have changed due to geographic isolation  some species lost the ability to fly  mountain ranges emerged to separate populations of species such as wren, robin and hebe

13. video Wolfe: Allopatric speciation