1. Ecology

2. Ecology Organisms maintain a dynamic equilibrium that sustains life. Organisms maintain a dynamic equilibrium that sustains life. Compare the way a variety of living specimens carry out basic life functions and maintain dynamic equilibrium. Compare the way a variety of living specimens carry out basic life functions and maintain dynamic equilibrium. Plants and animals depend on each other and their physical environment. Plants and animals depend on each other and their physical environment. Describe the flow of energy and matter through food chains and food webs. Describe the flow of energy and matter through food chains and food webs. Interpret and/or illustrate the energy flow in a food chain, energy pyramid, or food web. Interpret and/or illustrate the energy flow in a food chain, energy pyramid, or food web. Provide evidence that green plants make food and explain the significance of this process to other organisms. Provide evidence that green plants make food and explain the significance of this process to other organisms. Human decisions and activities have had a profound impact on the physical and living environment. Human decisions and activities have had a profound impact on the physical and living environment. Describe how living things, including humans, depend upon the living and nonliving environment for their survival. Describe how living things, including humans, depend upon the living and nonliving environment for their survival.

4. Vocabulary Carnivore: Eats only other animals (meat) Carnivore: Eats only other animals (meat) Community: All the living things in an area Community: All the living things in an area Consumer: (Heterotroph) Must eat food for energy Consumer: (Heterotroph) Must eat food for energy Decomposer: Breaks down dead plants and animals for energy and gives nutrients back to the soil Decomposer: Breaks down dead plants and animals for energy and gives nutrients back to the soil Ecology: Study of living things and how they interact with each other and their environment Ecology: Study of living things and how they interact with each other and their environment Ecosystem: All the living and nonliving things in an area Ecosystem: All the living and nonliving things in an area

5. Vocabulary Herbivore: Eats only plants Herbivore: Eats only plants Mutualism: (Symbiosis) When two organisms need each other to survive, neither is harmed, both benefit Mutualism: (Symbiosis) When two organisms need each other to survive, neither is harmed, both benefit Omnivore: Eats both plants and animals Omnivore: Eats both plants and animals Parasitism: One organism (parasite) lives off another (host) causing it harm Parasitism: One organism (parasite) lives off another (host) causing it harm Population: all the same species in a community Population: all the same species in a community Producer: (Autotroph) makes its own energy by using the Sun’s energy and photosynthesis Producer: (Autotroph) makes its own energy by using the Sun’s energy and photosynthesis

6. Living Things and Their Environment Energy Energy A. All organisms need __________ to survive B. _________ is the primary source of energy C. Producers (Autotrophs) 1. Use the Sun’s energy to make their own _____________ _____________ 2. Example: ________________________ Energy Sun Food (Glucose) Green Plants

10. Living Things and Their Environment D. Consumers (Heterotrophs) 1. Require ________ for energy 2. Cells use ________ to release the energy found in food in food 3. __________________: obtain energy from consuming plants consuming plants 4. __________________: obtain energy from consuming animals consuming animals 5. __________________: obtain energy from consuming plants and animals consuming plants and animals 6. __________________: obtain energy from consuming wastes and/or dead organisms consuming wastes and/or dead organisms Food Oxygen Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores Decomposers

13. Energy Flow Food Chain: energy flows from _______ to producers to ____________ to decomposers Food Chain: energy flows from _______ to producers to ____________ to decomposers Sun Consumers

15. Energy Flow Energy Pyramid: Movement of energy from the Sun through ___________, consumers and ____________ Energy Pyramid: Movement of energy from the Sun through ___________, consumers and ____________ ProducersDecomposers

17. Food Chains vs. Energy Pyramids How are Food Chains and Energy Pyramids similar? How are Food Chains and Energy Pyramids similar? How are Food Chains and Energy Pyramids different? How are Food Chains and Energy Pyramids different? Both show where each organism gets their energy from (who eats who) Energy Pyramids show energy lost at each level and food chains do not Energy Pyramids show the amount of energy at each level and food chains do not

18. Energy Flow Food Web: many over lapping food chains Food Web: many over lapping food chains Plants  Squirrels  Fox Plants  Squirrels  Hawks and Owls

20. Analyzing Food Webs What would happen to the owl population if the frog population increased? What would happen to the owl population if the frog population increased? What would happen to the mice population if the grasshopper population decreased? What would happen to the mice population if the grasshopper population decreased? What would happen to the fox population if the frog population decreased? What would happen to the fox population if the frog population decreased? They would increase They would decrease They would remain the same

21. Analyzing Food Webs Identify the following: Producers Producers Herbivores Herbivores Carnivores Carnivores Omnivores Omnivores What is missing? Green Plants and Berries Grasshoppers, Rabbits, Squirrels Frogs, Fox, Owls, and Snakes Mice Decomposers – Bacteria or Fungi (Mushrooms)

22. Food Chains vs. Food Webs How are Food Chains and Food Webs similar? How are Food Chains and Food Webs similar? How are Food Chains and Food Webs different? How are Food Chains and Food Webs different? Both show how organisms get energy (what eats what) In food chains, each organism has only one thing to consume. In food webs, organisms may have more than one thing to consume.

23. Interactions ___________: the study of relationships and interactions of living things with one another, together with their non living environment ___________: the study of relationships and interactions of living things with one another, together with their non living environment Ecology

25. Ecosystem A. A group of organisms in an _________ that interact with one another and with their nonliving environment B. Community: the _____________ part of the ecosystem C. Population 1. Group of the ___________ type of organism living together in the same area living together in the same area 2. Example: all the squirrels in the area area living same species

27. Ecosystem Ecosystem: Fish tank (Sun, Water, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Plants, and Fish Community: Plants and Fish Population 1: Fish Population 2: Plants

28. Parasitism A. an organism that lives off of another organism (________) causing harm to it B. Example: harmful bacteria that make you sick Parasite: Harmful Bacteria Host: Human Host

29. Mutualism A. two organisms living together so that neither is __________ but both ___________ and need each other to survive B. Examples: microorganisms essential to other organisms, Cleaner shrimp that eat parasites off of other fish Harmed Benefit