2. Why did William build castles to keep control? L.O: To know why William built castles. To know what the features of a motte and bailey and a Stone Keep castle have and what the advantages and disadvantages were of each castle were.

3. Keep. This is where The Lord would stay. Bailey: (this means enclosure) This was the courtyard. Housing the sheds and soldiers quarters. Motte. A Large earth hill Palisade: A wooden fence Protecting the Normans From the English.

4. Why did he need to build castles so quickly? The English were not happy that William was now king. The English were fighting with the Normans he had to show them that he was in charge. He wanted to show them that he was watching them in every town and village.

5. William needed to build castles _______. Many English people continued to rebel against the ____. He needed to construct ________ along the coast and across the _______________ in order to protect him and his followers from the angry locals. The first castles were built of ____ and stone, as these building resources were easy to find in _______ areas. There were two main parts to the castle. The ______, which was an earth mound where a small _______ fort was situated. The other part was called a ________. Often livestock, horses and soldiers families lived in this enclosure. BAILEY, QUICKLY, WOOD, FOREST, LOOKOUT, MOTTE, KING, DEFENCES, COUNTRYSIDE

6. Advantages and Disadvantages of a motte and bailey castle AdvantagesDisadvantages.

7. Let’s complete the sheet on motte and bailey’s

8. Let’s test what you have learnt already? Let’s play slap the board. Boys V’s Girls Motte palisade hill stone Battering ram slow bailey keep Stone keeps Lord enclosur e

9. How would you attack a castle like this? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PtAlU KX4PYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PtAlU KX4PY

10. How can we tell about life in Motte and Bailey castles today?

11. Questions. 1) Why did William have to build castles? 2) Why did he choose the materials of wood and earth? 3) Did lots of people live in Motte and Bailey castles ? Explain your answer. 4) Why do we not know a great deal about Motte and bailey castles today?

12. A Stone Keep Castle Label your diagram of the stone keep castle: These are the labels you have to choose from: Well *solar *great hall Battlements *great fire Guard room *store room Garderobe * entrance

13. The Stone Keep Castle

14. The Stone Keep castles http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VhLzM nwqI0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VhLzM nwqI0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtaRI1 UD0y0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtaRI1 UD0y0

15. Attacking a stone keep castle

16. Wood burns Can be cut down High up Ditch Fast to build Motte and Bailey11 th C WeaknessesStrengthsCastleDate Capture wall take whole building Stone WallShell keep11 th C Corners can be mined or battered Thick stone walls Entrance above ground level Square keep12 th C Only betrayal by someone Or Very long siege 2 or 3 walls Inside wall higher than outer Strong gatehouse Round towers Concentric Castle 13 th C

18. mangonel trebuchet Battering Ram

19. ballista Penthouse Siege tower Battering ram

20. In pairs, discuss 3 things you would like to learn about attacking and defending a castle. Remember to pose (ask) a question. i.e. write down 3 questions you would like answered today.

21. a e d c b Name each weapon labelled: a b c d e f Individual Work f

22. Why were defences so important? Had to be safe from attack Make it difficult for the enemy to break in Wooden keep motte bailey palisade drawbridge Gate look-out ditch ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

23. Existing castles were slowly improved Stone Keep Curtain wall Inner bailey Portcullis drawbridge crenellation Arrow loops gatehouse well Outer curtain wall

25. Stone Castle Defences high, thick walls machicolations battlements drawbridge gatehouse hoardings arrow loops Towers & turrets portcullis moat

26. Battlements crenellation where fighting was done crenel merlon shutter

27. Gate Defences Speed important – had to close off castle quickly 2 portcullises could trap the enemy Murder holes could be used to pour throw hot tar or water, crush enemy with stones or fire at them with arrows

28. Why? Methods of Attack Improved

29. Besieging a Castle Attacking Siege tower crossbows longbow mangonel ladders

30. Types of catapults mangonel trebuchet Fired missiles at or over wall Fired missiles over wall: Stones Dead animals Heads of the enemy

31. Battering Ram Attacking the Gate Tortoise Break down gates or smash the walls

32. Other Siege Weapons ballista Penthouse For use on square keep or square towers Sappers’ tent

33. a e d c b Name each weapon labelled: a b c d e f Individual Work f

34. Castle Defences 1.How were soldiers protected on the battlements? 2.Draw an arrow loop and explain its purpose. 3.Give 2 advantages of round towers in a curtain wall. 4.Describe 3 methods used to defend the castle gate. Include a picture of one of these defences. Individual Work

35. Quiz – what am I? Identify each weapon from the cryptic clue: When the catch of my big spoon is released I fling out a huge stone with great force. What am I? I protect miners while they dig under a square keep. What am I? I use powder and flame to fire metal balls over the castle walls. I was not invented until the 13 th C. What am I? Individual Work Siege Weapons

36. 4.With my sling I throw stones or dead animals over the castle wall. What am I? 5.I can be wheeled up to the wall to allow attackers to climb onto the wall. What am I? 6.I am used to break down the gate? What am I? 7.I am made of metal and rope and help the soldiers climb up castle walls? What am I? Individual Work Siege Weapons

37. Quiz – what am I? Identify each weapon from the cryptic clue: When the catch of my big spoon is released I fling out a huge stone with great force. What am I? I protect miners while they dig under a square keep. What am I? I use powder and flame to fire metal balls over the castle walls. I was not invented until the 13 th C. What am I? Individual Work Siege Weapons mangonel Penthouse or sappers tent cannon

38. 4.With my sling I throw stones or dead animals over the castle wall. What am I? 5.I can be wheeled up to the wall to allow attackers to climb onto the wall. What am I? 6.I am used to break down the gate? What am I? 7.I am made of metal and rope and help the soldiers climb up castle walls? What am I? Individual Work Siege Weapons trebuchet siege tower battering ram grappling hook

41. Let’s have fun Beat the Examiner Design a quiz on this topic -Straight forward questions? -Cryptic clues? -Multiple choice? -Matching activity + red herrings? -Crossword puzzle?

42. Castle defence keywords Barbican Portcullis Murder holes The extra gatehouse at the front of the castle. The strong oak and metal gate at the front of the castle (one pence coins carry an image of them). Holes that soldiers could pour hot sand, water and lime through to kill and wound an enemy.

43. Harlech Castle Location, location, location The first defence a castle had was its location. Harlech Castle was almost impossible to surround – why? Other castles were built on hills, such as Guildford and Conisbrough. This meant they could easily observe any enemy force approaching!

44. The castle entrance The castle entrance often had a barbican attached. This extra gatehouse protected the weakest part of the castle. There would be extra soldiers, and several heavy oak doors and portcullises to get past. Barbican Gatehouse Three entrance gates (portcullis) to get through

45. Defences before and at the main entrance Why do you think the main entrance had so much defence? Click on the murder holes, portcullis and drawbridge.

46. The castle battlements jutted out from the top of the wall so that soldiers could drop heavy stones and pour boiling tar onto the enemy below. At the bottom of the curtain wall the walls were angled so that when stones were dropped they would bounce off the bottom and hit the attackers. Castle defences

47. Castles were often built near rivers. Why do you think this was?

48. There were a number of features which could be added to the castle to make it stronger. Most castles had round towers in their walls. This was so soldiers could fire in all directions along the front walls. The strongest building was the keep. It had numerous defensive features including very thick walls, narrow staircases, big cellars for sieges. Even the entrance was raised and had drawbridges to stop an attack.

50. As castles were frequently under attack, they had to be as strong as possible. Why did castles develop? As the attackers improved their methods of attack, so the castle builders had to improve the castle’s ability to defend. How do you think a battering ram was used to attack a castle?

51. Castle attack In this picture the attackers are tunnelling. They would mine underneath the castle hoping to collapse it! What are the advantages of this method of attack? How would this catapult have worked? Do you think it would have been very effective? Why?

52. These siege towers had a drawbridge at the top. The soldiers would climb up the tower and rush across the drawbridge onto the castle hoarding (the bit jutting out at the top of the castle). They were often covered in animal skins to provide further protection from arrows. What do you think were the main disadvantages with this method of attack?

53. Which of the methods of attack do you think would have been the most effective? Why? Can you suggest any other methods attackers might have used?

54. Castles were sometimes so strong that the only method of attack was to wait. This was called laying siege. It was basically staying out of arrow range and surrounding the castle until it was starved into submission. Sieges could take a very long time to work. Many castles had wells in the keep and large storerooms always prepared in case of a siege. The best time to attack would be spring as all the winter food would be used up by then and the defenders would have little supplies to last on. Siege

55. Sometimes attacking a castle involved more gruesome methods. In the fourteenth century one castle was subjected to an attack by having plague victims catapulted over the walls to spread the disease. Other attacks included throwing over rotten animal bodies to spread disease and also the heads of executed prisoners! Biological warfare

57. Attack and Defence: multiple-choice questions