1. What we learned last lesson?
'3 Things'
Swap your three things in pairs
Try to get at least five significant things between you.
Describe 3 things that you remember as significant about last lesson.
Participative Review: 1 min individual; 2-3 mins in pairs – whole group contributions. Use model maps.
Prompt contributions by asking them to describe what they have been talking about not they remember.

2. Weaknesses
Strengths
Castle
Date
Motte and Bailey
11th C
High up
Ditch
Fast to build
Wood burns
Can be cut down
Shell keep
11th C
Stone Wall
Capture wall take whole building
Square keep
12th C
Thick stone walls
Entrance above ground level
Corners can be mined or battered
Concentric Castle
13th C
2 or 3 walls
Inside wall higher than outer
Strong gatehouse
Round towers
Only betrayal by someone Or
Very long siege

3. Castle Builders Task Shape metal Carve and lay stone Masons
Work with lead for pipes & roofs
Painting pictures inside castle
Dig stone from ground
Make mortar to bind stones together
Carve and lay stone
Cut, join and carve wood
Lay floors
Plastering the walls
Masons
Smiths
Carpenters
Plumbers
Plasterers
Painters
Pavers
Quarrymen
Mortarmixers
Shape metal
Cut, join and carve wood
Work with lead for pipes & roofs
Plastering the walls
Painting pictures inside castle
Lay floors
Dig stone from ground
Make mortar to bind stones
together

4. ?
Defending
&
Attacking a Castle

5. Attacking & Defending a Castle
In pairs, discuss 3 things you would like to learn about attacking and defending a castle.
Remember to pose (ask) a question.
i.e. write down 3 questions you would like answered today.

6.      Learning Outcomes
Q1. Where was the best place to site a castle?
Q2. What were the main defences of a castle?
Q3. Why did the defences have to improve?
Q4. What methods were used to attack castles?
Q5. What type of weapons were used?     

7.    Learning Outcomes Skills – working together problem solving
presenting a case  

8. Where to build a castle? Key: Best defensive position
e.g. top of hill/high ground
next to river
near crossroads – move troops quickly
near town/village – control people & food supplies
protect river crossings
Other factors: near drinking water
near forest/wood

9. Group
Work
Where to build a castle 5 3 2 1 4
8 mins

10. Castle Defences Answer the following using full sentences:
Individual
Work
Castle Defences
Answer the following using full sentences:
In your own words explain why castles were built:
a) on a hill
b) on the banks of a river
c) near crossroads?
2. Why were castles built near towns?

11. Why were defences so important?
Had to be safe from attack
Make it difficult for the enemy to break in
Wooden keep ?
motte ?
Gate look-out ? ?
ditch
bailey ?
drawbridge ? ?
palisade

12. Where were the weak points of the motte and bailey castle?
Solutions?
Where were the weak points of the motte and bailey castle?
gate
Why weak?
walls
keep

13. Improve
the
Defences

14. Existing castles were slowly improved
Outer curtain wall
Stone Keep
Curtain wall
well
Inner bailey
drawbridge
Portcullis
crenellation
Arrow loops
gatehouse

15. New castles
built
with new defences

16. Stone Castle Defences Towers & turrets battlements hoardings gatehouse
machicolations
arrow loops
portcullis
drawbridge
high, thick walls
moat

17. where fighting was done
Battlements
where fighting was done
crenel
merlon
shutter
crenellation

18. Gate Defences Speed important – had to close off castle quickly
2 portcullises could trap the enemy
Murder holes could be used to pour throw hot tar or water, crush enemy with stones or fire at them with arrows

19. Methods of
Attack
Improved
New castles
built
with new defences
Why?

20. Besieging a Castle Attacking ladders Siege tower mangonel longbow
crossbows

21. Types of catapults Fired missiles at or over wall trebuchet mangonel
Fired missiles over wall:
Stones
Dead animals
Heads of the enemy

22. Break down gates or smash the walls
Attacking the Gate
Tortoise
Battering Ram
Break down gates or smash the walls

23. Other Siege Weapons Sappers’ tent Penthouse
ballista
Sappers’ tent
Penthouse
For use on square keep or square towers

24. Individual
Work
Name each weapon labelled: a b c d e f c b f d a e

25. Castle Defences How were soldiers protected on the battlements?
Individual
Work
Castle Defences
How were soldiers protected on the battlements?
Draw an arrow loop and explain its purpose.
Give 2 advantages of round towers in a curtain wall.
Describe 3 methods used to defend the castle gate. Include a picture of one of these defences.

26. Siege Weapons Quiz – what am I?
Individual
Work
Siege Weapons
Quiz – what am I?
Identify each weapon from the cryptic clue:
When the catch of my big spoon is released I fling out a huge stone with great force. What am I?
I protect miners while they dig under a square keep. What am I?
I use powder and flame to fire metal balls over the castle walls. I was not invented until the 13th C. What am I?

27. Individual
Work
Siege Weapons
With my sling I throw stones or dead animals over the castle wall. What am I?
I can be wheeled up to the wall to allow attackers to climb onto the wall. What am I?
I am used to break down the gate? What am I?
I am made of metal and rope and help the soldiers climb up castle walls? What am I?

28. Penthouse or sappers tent
Individual
Work
Siege Weapons
Quiz – what am I?
Identify each weapon from the cryptic clue:
When the catch of my big spoon is released I fling out a huge stone with great force. What am I?
I protect miners while they dig under a square keep. What am I?
I use powder and flame to fire metal balls over the castle walls. I was not invented until the 13th C. What am I?
mangonel
Penthouse or sappers tent
cannon

29. Individual
Work
Siege Weapons
trebuchet
With my sling I throw stones or dead animals over the castle wall. What am I?
I can be wheeled up to the wall to allow attackers to climb onto the wall. What am I?
I am used to break down the gate? What am I?
I am made of metal and rope and help the soldiers climb up castle walls? What am I?
siege tower
battering ram
grappling hook

30. Have you been
successful?
How do you know?

31. Well done
Excellent learning
today

32. Let’s have fun Beat the Examiner Design a quiz on this topic
Straight forward questions?
Cryptic clues?
Multiple choice?
Matching activity + red herrings?
Crossword puzzle?