1. ERC NSM Development of Forming Processes for Copper Components for The Stanford Linear Accelerator Master’s Thesis Project for Dan Hannan Graduate Research Associate In Cooperation with the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) Title Precision Forging Technology

2. ERC NSM Precision Forging Technology Outline Introduction – What is an accelerator cell? Objectives Approach Flow stress measurement Lubricant contamination tests Future work

3. ERC NSM Precision Forging Technology What is an Accelerator Cell? An accelerator cell allows subatomic particles to achieve high energy and then collide with targets within an accelerator structure Out of this interaction come many other subatomic particles that pass into detectors From the information gathered in the detectors, physicists can determine properties of the particles and their interactions. The higher the energy of the accelerated particles, the more closely one can probe the structure of matter.

4. ERC NSM Precision Forging Technology Accelerator Cell Tolerances as low as.5 Microns

5. ERC NSM Precision Forging Technology Accelerator Cell *Cost estimate for cell fabrication without forging

6. ERC NSM Precision Forging Technology Accelerator Cell *Cost estimate for cell fabrication with forging

7. ERC NSM Precision Forging Technology Accelerator Cell SLAC’s Perspective With the following assumptions: –980,000 accelerator cells –Shop rate = $200.00/Hr =.06 cents/sec Then every second saved during manufacturing of a single cell will result in savings of $54,000 for the entire lot of cells

8. ERC NSM Precision Forging Technology Accelerator Structure 980,000 Total Cells

9. ERC NSM Precision Forging Technology

10. ERC NSM Precision Forging Technology Objectives Investigation of surface contamination during forming of copper Reduce the machining cost by forming to near net shape dimensions –Develop forming sequence –Tool design –Compensation for elastic deflection

11. ERC NSM Precision Forging Technology Approach Measurement of flow stress for copper Lubricant contamination tests Process design for copper accelerator cell

12. ERC NSM Precision Forging Technology Flow Stress Measurement Compression Test w/ Rastageav’s Specimens Specimens coated with wax Dies lubricated with Teflon sheets and Teflon spray Load and displacement recorded

13. ERC NSM Precision Forging Technology Flow Stress Measurement Specimens to be manufactured by SLAC –10 from sheet, as received –10 from billet, as received –10 from billet, stress relieved No barreling can occur Must correct for press deflection and temperature Purpose: –To obtain accurate flow stress data for FEM simulations

14. ERC NSM Precision Forging Technology Lubricant Contamination Tests Contamination of formed surfaces is a major concern in the manufacturing of the SLAC particle accelerator cell If the contamination is too deep into the surface of the part it will not be removed during the finish machining stage Two different tests will be used to investigate contamination from the lubrication and the tool surface: –Single cup backward extrusion test –Ring test

15. ERC NSM Precision Forging Technology Lubricant Contamination Tests Specimens will be manufactured by SLAC Candidate lubricants will be chosen by ERC/NSM and approved by SLAC Common lubricants used in the forging of copper are: –Emulsions of fatty oils – mineral oils –Fatty oils – graphite –Graphite – grease From the ring test, the coefficient of friction will be approximated

16. ERC NSM Precision Forging Technology The single cup backward extrusion test will produce higher pressures than the ring test The single cup backward extrusion test will provide insight on the ability to deliver formed parts to the tolerances required After the experiments are finished, specimens from both tests will be shipped to SLAC for inspection (lubricant contamination) Lubricant Contamination Tests

17. ERC NSM Precision Forging Technology Future Work Process Design Design of the as-formed geometry –ERC/NSM will find the geometry that limits that amount of machining required, but allows the part to be formed to the required tolerances –Elastic deflection of the tools and metal flow will be investigated Development of preliminary forming sequence –ERC/NSM will design a forming sequence that produces the part to the required tolerances at minimal cost. –High forming pressures will be avoided to limit deflection of the tools

18. ERC NSM Precision Forging Technology Future Work Process Design Development of preliminary forming sequence (cont.) –The help of forging companies will be used to evaluate the feasibility of suggested forming sequences –FEM simulations will be used to test the forming sequence to see if the part can be formed without defects under reasonable loads. Compensation for tool deflection Investigate other copper components that could be formed to near net shape dimensions

19. ERC NSM Precision Forging Technology Deliverables Know how on forming processes to produce the accelerator cell Cost reduction in the production of the accelerator cell Tool drawings for the manufacture of forming tooling Progress Reports, Final Report