1. HASAN AL-BANNA (1906-1949)

2. Biography of Hasan al-Banna Born into a religious family and spent his early years to study the Qur’an, Hadith, Fiqh and language. Sufi, school-teacher, and religious activist. He was educated at Damanhur and then at the Dar al-‘Ulum in Cairo where he began to spread the da’wa mission by preaching in the mosques and meeting-places. He was appointed in 1927 as a government school-teacher, and a year later (1928), he founded the Muslim Brotherhood based on the cell principle. In 1936, he advocated the cause of Palestine Arabs, and became involved in politics. In 1948, the Prime Minister al-Nukarashi Pasha was assassinated by a member of the Muslim Brotherhood. Al-Banna was then assassinated by the government agents in 1949.

3. The Muslim Brothers Salafi Sufi Political Organization Athletic Group Business corporation Education group

4. Ideology, Goal, Organization, and its Evolution of the Movement Ideology  Socially engaged in the issue of poverty, immoral society, and against foreign domination.  An Islamic ideology with grass-root social-political activism. Main Goal  “God is our objective, the Qur’an is our Constitution, the Prophet is our leader, struggle is our way, and death for the sake of God is the highest of our aspirations.” Organization  Federated structure of authority with headquarter in Cairo.  Network of Branch offices throughout the cities and villages. Evolution  Founded in 1928, it evolved quickly by establishing 5 branch offices by 1930, 15 by 1932, and 300 by 1938.  By the time of Hasan al-Banna’s death in 1949, there were 2000 branch offices.

5. Conception of Jihad Who? Individual Obligation Against Whom? Jihad is against all who do not embrace Islam Rules of Jihad Martyrdom Al-Nizam al-Khass (Special Military Apparatus)

6. Ambiguities of Al-Banna’s Approach  Conciliation with Democratic technique  Military strategy

7. SAYYID QUTUB (1906-1966)

8. Biography of Sayyid Qutub Qutub was raised in the Egyptian village of Musha and educated from a young age in the Qur'an. He moved to Cairo, where he received a Western education between 1929 and 1933, before starting his career as a teacher in the Ministry of Public Instruction. Although Sayyid Qutub started out as a literary critic, he became radicalized on a trip to the United States. Qutub travelled through America from 1948 to 1950 Joined Ikhwan al Muslimin (The Muslim Brotherhood): 1951 After the attempted assassination of Nasser in 1954, the Egyptian government used the incident to justify a crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood, imprisoning Qutub and many others for their vocal opposition to various government policies. Qutub was let out of prison at the end of 1964, for only 8 months before being rearrested in August 1965. Qutub was sentenced to death as the leader of a group planning to assassinate the President and other Egyptian officials and personalities. On 29 August 1966, Qutub was executed by hanging.

9. Main publications Al-Adala al-Ijtima'iyya fi'l-Islam (Social Justice in Islam), 1949 Ma'arakat al-Islam wa'l-Ra's Maliyya (The Battle Between Islam and Capitalism), 1951 Al-Salam al-'Alami wa'l-Islam (World Peace and Islam), 1951 Fi Zilal al-Qur'an (In the Shade of the Qur'an) 1954 Dirasat Islamiyya (Islamic Studies), 1953 Hadha'l-Din (This Religion if Islam), n.d. (after 1954) Al-Mustaqbal li-hadha'l-Din (The Future of This Religion), n.d. (after 1954) Khasais al-Tasawwar al-Islami wa Muqawamatuhu (The Characteristics and Values of Islamic Conduct), 1960 Al-Islam wa Mushkilat al-Hadara (Islam and the Problems of Civilization), n.d. (after 1954)

10. Qutub`s main concepts Jahiliya Islamic Vanguard Social Justice Target of the Jihad Islamic State Use of violence

11. Mohammed Abd al-Salam Farraj (1952-1982)

12. Biography Mohammed Abd al-Salam Farraj was born in the Dolongat neighborhood of Beheira, Egypt, in 1956. After graduating from the Engineering faculty, Farraj worked as an administrator at Cairo University. Co-founder of Tanzim al Jihad in 1981 Author of Al Farida al Ghaiba (the Absent Obligation) Involved in President Sadat's assassination in October 1981 Faraj was excuted by the Egyptian government in April 1982.

13. Main concepts Apostasy Rebellion against the ruler The near and distant enemy