2. The Gilded Age of America Political Developments 1868-1896

3. The Grant Administration: 1868-1876 Credit Mobilier: Railroad people made company Inflated prices, government money Congressmen and the VP took $ Black Friday: Attempt to corner the gold market. Grant allegedly Involved in keeping Gold from being Sold. Indian Ring: Took bribes from businesses supplying goods to reservations Secretary of War resigned Corruption: The Era of Good Stealings!

4. The Growth of the Political Machines Cartoons courtesy of Thomas Nast Tammany Hall: Political Machine that ruled New York under the leadership of William Macy “Boss” Tweed.

5. Democratic Bloc Republican Bloc  White southerners (preservation of white supremacy)  Catholics  Recent immigrants (esp. Jews)  Urban working poor (pro-labor)  Most farmers  Northern whites (pro-business)  African Americans  Northern Protestants  Old WASPs (support for anti-immigrant laws)  Most of the middle class  GAR (Grand Army of Republic The Two Political Parties during the Gilded Age

6. Gold vs. Silver and the Economy Panic of ‘73 Overspending and over lending burst Banks went under Battle of Soft Money vs. Hard Money 1875: Resumption Act led to pulling in more Greenbacks from circulation (deflation) 16 ounces of Silver was equal to 1 ounce of Gold (Legislative Decree) Crime of ‘73: US government dropped coinage of silver dollars.

7. Compromise of 1877 Democrats agreed to accept Republican results from 3 contested states IF: Withdrawal of ALL federal troops in SC and LA End of Radical Reconstruction Black Freedmen no more Union Army protection Redemption for the South

8. Black America during the Gilded Age

9. Disenfranchisement Poll Taxes Abolished in 1966 by the 24 th Amendment Literacy Tests Abolished in 1965 by the Voting Rights Act

11. Jim Crow in the South Come, listen, all you gals and boys, I'm just from Tuckyhoe; I'm gwine to sing a little song, My name's Jim Crow. Chorus: Wheel about, an' turn about, an' do jis so; Eb'ry time I wheel about, I jump Jim Crow. I went down to de river, I didn't mean to stay, But there I see so many gals, I couldn't get away. I'm rorer on de fiddle, an' down in ole Virginny, Dey say I play de skientific, like massa Paganini. I cut so many munky shines, I dance de galloppade; An' w'en I done, I res' my head, on shubble, hoe or spade. I met Miss Dina Scrub one day, I gib her sich a buss; An' den she turn an' slap my face, an' make a mighty fuss. De udder gals dey 'gin to fight, I tel'd dem wait a bit; I'd hab dem all, jis one by one, as I tourt fit. I wip de lion ob de west, I eat de alligator; I put more water in my mouf, den boil ten load ob 'tator. De way dey bake de hoe cake, Virginny nebber tire; Dey put de doe upon de foot, an' stick 'em in de fire Origin to Thomas Rice of NY

12. By the 1890’s Jim Crow Laws led to crop-lien system of sharecropping literacy tests for voting voter-registration laws poll taxes Homer Plessy Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

13. The Black Experience Immediatism From North Harvard educated Talented Tenth/NAACP Gradualism From South Former Slave Tuskegee Institute WEB DuBois Booker T Washington

14. The Chinese: Builders of Railroads “beefeater” vs. the “rice eater” Kearneyites: Anti-Chinese gangs Mostly Irish Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 Prohibited any immigrants from China to U.S 1871: L.A. riot, 20 Chinese dead 1885: Wyoming, 28 dead, 75 homes destroyed 1886: Seattle attempts to remove ALL Chinese 1887: Oregon, 31 Chinese gold miners murdered, NO prosecutions 1898: U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark Supreme Court ruled 14 th Amendment guaranteed to all persons born in the U.S. Jus soli over jus sanguinis

15. 1880 Presidential Election: Republicans Half BreedsStalwarts Sen. James G. Blaine Sen. Roscoe Conkling (Maine) (New York) James A. Garfield Chester A. Arthur (VP) compromise

16. 1881: Garfield Assassinated! Charles Guiteau: I Am a Stalwart, and Arthur is President now! Pendleton Act (1883)  Civil Service Act.  The “Magna Carta” of civil service reform. Shot: July 2, 1881 Died: September 19, 1881  Competitive Exams for federal jobs  End of Spoils System

17. The Populists In your group do the following 1.Explain what the Populist Part was 2.List supporters and members of the Populist Party 3.Outline specific beliefs that the Populist Party promoted or stood for i.e. their platform

18. 1884 Presidential Election Grover Cleveland James Blaine * (DEM) (REP) Mugwumps bolted to DemocratsRum, Romanism,and Rebellion Cleveland’s Illegitimate child

19. 1888 Presidential Election Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison (DEM) * (REP)

20. 1892 Presidential Election Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison again! * (DEM) (REP)

21. Hayes Presidency Compromise of 1877 Railroad Strikes Hayes calls in federal troops

22. Garfield/Arthur Presidency Chinese Exclusion Act Pendleton Act

23. Cleveland Presidency Part I Vetoes of Pension Bills Lowers Tariff Though the people support the government, the government should not support the people

24. Harrison Presidency McKinley Tariff Act of 1890 Billion Dollar Congress Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 Homestead steel strike

25. Cleveland Presidency Part II Panic of 1893 Plessy v. Ferguson Repeal of Sherman Silver Purchase Act Loan from JP Morgan: 65 million in gold Wilson-Gorman Tariff

26. Major Political Issues during the Gilded Age Tariff : Explain the forces in favor of a high tariff and the forces against a high tariff. Include both political parties and society in general from Cleveland (I) through Cleveland (II). Money Supply: Explain the pros and cons of bimetallism as well as inflation vs. deflation. Describe which segments of society promoted bimetallism. 1875-1896 Civil Service: Explain how reforming the government job structure splintered the Republican Party As well as the final reform that was legislated to combat the decades old spoils system