1. The United Nations System And Third World Development
A presentation at the Dept. of Political Science and
International Relations,
Covenant University, Ota Ogun State. By
Oluseyi Soremekun
National Information Officer/ Officer-in-Charge
United Nations Information Centre (UNIC), Lagos
Tel.:
Web:

2. The United Nations (UN) – An Introduction
Special organisation of independent countries formed after the end of the Second World War in Officially opened on 24th of October 1945.
Created to save succeeding generations from war, protect human rights, establish conditions for justice, help stabilize international relations, give peace a more secure foundation, help the less developed countries, promote social progress and better standards of life.
The UN emblem shows the world held in the “olive branches of peace”.

3. The United Nations (UN) – An Intro (Contd.)
The UN represents the countries and peoples of the world but it is not a world government.
The UN is a place where people from around the world can come and work together to make the world a better and safer place.
The UN Headquarters is in New York in the USA.
The UN is guided by a set of rules called the UN Charter.

4. The United Nations (UN) – An Intro (Contd.)
Organs of the UN
The UN Charter recognises the following as organs of the UN:
The General Assembly
The Security Council
The Economic and Social Council
The Trusteeship Council
The International Court of Justice
The Secretariat

5. Understanding the UN system
The United Nations System covers a wide variety of organizational units (centres, agencies, organizations, commissions, pro-grammes, etc.) with different institutional and functional structures.
The United Nations System consists of the United Nations, its subsidiary organs (including the separately-administered funds and programmes, research and training institutes, and other subsidiary entities), the specialized agencies, and affiliated organizations.
The organizations within the United Nations system also vary considerably both in size and as regards their activities.
Member organs of the United Nations reporting annually to the General Assembly and, as appropriate, through the Security Council or the Economic and Social Council, include:
UN - United Nations Secretariat
UNICEF - United Nations Children's Fund
UNCTAD - United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDP - United Nations Development Programme
UNEP - United Nations Environment Programme
UNFPA - United Nations Population Fund
UNRWA - United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine
UNU - United Nations University
WFP - World Food Programme
UNHCR - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNCHS(Habitat) - United Nations Centre for Human Settlements
OCHA - Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
ITC - International Trade Centre

6. Understanding the UN system
The specialized agencies, a term first used in the United Nations Charter which provides for international action to promote economic and social progress, re-port to the Economic and Social Council.
These specialized agencies work in the economic, social, scientific and tech-nical fields and possess their own legislative and executive bodies, their own secretariats and their own budgets. These include: 
ILO - International Labour Organization
FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization
ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization
WHO - World Health Organization
WB - World Bank Group
IMF - International Monetary Fund
UPU - Universal Postal Union
ITU - International Telecommunication Union
WMO - World Meteorological Organization
IMO - International Maritime Organization
WIPO - World Intellectual Property Organization
IFAD - International Fund for Agricultural Development
UNIDO - United Nations Industrial Development Organization
WTO - World Tourism Organization

7. UN and Third World Development
Noted for peace keeping
It does more than peacekeeping and being a forum for conflict resolution.
Over these seven decades, new challenges have emerged—International terrorism; Child survival and development; Environmental protection; Human rights; Health and medical research;
Alleviation of poverty and economic development; Agricultural development and fisheries; Education; Advancement of women; Emergency and disaster relief; Air and sea travel; Peaceful uses of atomic energy; Workers’ rights; etc.
These global problems can never be resolved by any one country acting alone
As the world’s only truly universal institution, the United Nations offers the best—if not the only—forum to galvanize global action to meet the challenges ahead.

8. UN and Third World Development
Promoting self-determination and independence
When the UN was established in 1945, 750 million people — almost a third of the world population — lived in Non-Selfgoverning territories dependent on colonial Powers.
The UN played a role in bringing about independence in more than 80 countries that are now sovereign nations
Strengthening international law
Over 500 multilateral treaties — on human rights, terrorism, international crime, refugees, disarmament, commodities and the oceans — have been enacted through the efforts of the United Nations
However, one of the most robust frameworks that addresses third world development to date is the UN-led Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

9. Millennium Development Goals (MDG)
Following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration in 2000, All 189 United Nations member states at the time (there are 193 currently), promised to free people from extreme poverty and multiple deprivations. This pledge turned into the eight Millennium Development Goals

10. Millennium Development Goals (MDG)
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are the world's time-bound and quantified targets for addressing extreme poverty in its many dimensions-income poverty, hunger, disease, lack of adequate shelter, and exclusion-while promoting gender equality, education, and environmental sustainability.
They are also basic human rights - the rights of each person on the planet to health, education, shelter, and security.
MDGs support national governments, local authorities and citizen organizations in their efforts to tackle poverty and inequality.
As at 2014
700 million people have been lifted from extreme poverty
More than 170 million people no longer suffer from hunger
17,000 children saved everyday
6.6 million lives saved by access and use of antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected people

11. Poverty target was met
Target: Halve extreme poverty rate between 1990 and 2015
Proportion of people living on less than US$1.25 a day
Achieved

12. Hunger target is within close reach
Target :Halve hunger rate between 1990 and 2015
The proportion of undernourished people decreased from 24% in to 14% in
The hunger reduction target is within close reach but requires immediate additional efforts.

13. Gender parity was reached in primary education
All developing regions have achieved or are close to achieving gender parity in primary education
The primary school enrolment ratio increased from 86 girls for 100 boys in 1990 to 97 girls in 2012 for developing regions.
Photo: Virgina Hooper

14. HIV treatment saved millions of lives
Target: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it.
Access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected people has been increasing dramatically, with a total of 9.5 million people in developing regions receiving treatment in 2012.
ART has saved 6.6 million lives since Expanding its coverage can save many more.
Assuming the current momentum can be maintained, the world would be on track to reaching its objective of
having 15 million people on ART by the end of 2015, as agreed at the United Nations General Assembly Special
Session on HIV and AIDS in June Not only must there continue to be the political commitment and the
mobilization of communities, but also the domestic and international funding needed in order to heighten the
delivery of antiretroviral therapy around the globe.

15. Malaria and TB target are within reach
Target : Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases.
In the past decade, 3.3 million deaths were averted due to malaria interventions. More than 700 million bed nets were delivered in sub-Saharan Africa.
Between 1995 and 2012, the cumulative total of tuberculosis patients treated successfully was 56 million, saving 22 million lives.
Photo: UNICEF/Olivier Asselin

16. Drinking water target was reached
Target: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation.
In 2012, 89% of the world’s population had access to an improved water source, up from 76% in 1990.
Over 2.3 billion people gained access to an improved source of drinking water between 1990 and 2012.
The target of halving the proportion of people without access to an improved drinking water source was achieved in 2010, five years ahead of schedule.
Photo: World Bank/Allison Kwesell
Achieved in 2010

17. Official development assistance reached its highest level
Official development assistance (ODA) stood at $134.8 billion in 2013, the highest level recorded.
17 out of 28 Development Assistance Committee (DAC) countries recorded an increase in their allocation to ODA.

18. more effort is needed in many areas

19. Too many children suffer from undernutrition
Chronic undernutrition among young children declined, but one in four children around the world show signs of stunted growth—having inadequate height for their age.
However, it is unacceptable that 162 million young children are still suffering from chronic undernutrition.

20. Many children are still denied their right to primary education
Target: By 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling.
The number of children out of school decline by almost half since 2000, but still 58 million children were out of school, half of which are from conflict-affected areas.
More than one in four children in developing regions entering primary school is likely to drop out..
Photo; UNICEF/Ose

21. Preventable diseases still kill many children
Target: Reduce the under-five mortality rate by two thirds between 1990 and 2015.
Child mortality fell by 50%, from 90 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 48 in Still 6.6 million children under age five died in 2012.
Preventable diseases such as pneumonia, diarrhea and malaria, remain the main causes of under-five deaths.
Photo; UN Photo/Mark Garten

22. Much more needs to be done to improve maternal health
Target :Reduce the maternal mortality ratio by three quarters between 1990 and 2015.
Maternal mortality ratio declined by 45% since 1990, but still 300,000 women died from cause related to pregnancy and child birth in in 2013.
In 2012, 40 million births in developing regions were not attended by skilled health personnel.
Photo; UNICEF/Khemka

23. Gains in sanitation are impressive, but not good enough
Target: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation.
Over a quarter of the world’s population (almost 2 million) has gained access to an improved sanitation facility since 1990.
Yet 2.5 billion do not use an improved sanitation facility and 1 billion people still resort to open defecation.

24. MDG Progress Chart - NIGERIA
Low progress on the target of halving extreme poverty. With poverty at 62.6 percent, it is not likely that the 2015 target of 21.4 percent will be met.
Nigeria to attain hunger reduction (Target 2). Indicator is proportion of under-5 children that are underweight, now 24.0 percent, can be brought down to percent by 2015.
Given the consistent progress in the past decade and current efforts through the agricultural transformation agenda, this is within reach.
target
Net enrolment in primary education (%)
Primary six completion rate (%)
Literacy rate of years old (men and women)

25. MDG Progress Chart - NIGERIA
target
Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births)
Under-five mortality rate (per live 1000 births)
Percentage of one-year olds fully immunized against measles
Evidence points to wide disparities across the states and geopolitical zones North east and North West
Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births)
Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel
the prospects of achieving Goal 5 have been boosted by the adoption of MAF by Nigeria for accelerating progress on the goal
towards 2015 target. The measures advocated under the MAF Action Plan are vital for solving the service delivery and service utilisation bottlenecks to maternal healthcare
From 5.4% in 2000, fell to 5.0 per cent in 2003 and further to 4.3 per cent in 2005 and has stabilized around 4.1 per cent since At the national level, therefore, the MDG target has been met: the spread of HIV has been halted and has begun to be reversed.
HIV/AIDS treatment rising steadily, from 24 percent in 2010 to 33 percent in 2012 against target of 100% by 2015.

26. MDG Progress Chart - NIGERIA
INDICATOR
Proportion of population using an improved drinking water source, the general trend since 2007 has been an overall increase from 49.1 percent to 57.4 percent, Proportion of population using an improved sanitation facility2

27. Transition from MDGs to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Post-2015 development agenda is hinged on SDGs
The sustainable development goals (SDGs) are a new, universal set of goals, targets and indicators that UN member states will be expected to use to frame their agendas and political policies over the next 15 years.
The SDGs follow, and expand on, the millennium development goals (MDGs), which were agreed by governments in 2000, and are due to expire at the end of this year.

28. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
1) End poverty in all its forms everywhere
2) End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture
3) Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages
4) Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
5) Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
6) Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
7) Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
8) Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all
9) Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation, and foster innovation
10) Reduce inequality within and among countries
11) Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
12) Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
13) Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts (taking note of agreements made by the UNFCCC forum)
14) Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
15) Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification and halt and reverse land degradation, and halt biodiversity loss
16) Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
17) Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalise the global partnership for sustainable development

29. Factsheet of 70
Provides food to 90 million people in 80 countries
Vaccinates 58 per cent of the world’s children, saving 3 million lives a year
Assists over 38.7 million refugees and people fleeing war, famine or persecution
Works with 193 countries to combat climate change and make development sustainable
UN Keeps peace with 120,000 peacekeepers in 16 operations on 4 continents
Fights poverty, helping improve the health and well-being of 420 million rural poor
Protects and promotes human rights on site and through some 80 treaties/declarations
Mobilizes USD 22 billion in humanitarian aid to help people affected by emergencies
Uses diplomacy to prevent conflict: assists some 60 countries a year with their elections
Promotes maternal health, saving the lives of 30 million women a year

30. UN works for you!
THANK YOU

31. The United Nations System And Third World Development
A presentation at the Dept. of Political Science and
International Relations,
Covenant University, Ota Ogun State. By
Oluseyi Soremekun
National Information Officer/ Officer-in-Charge
United Nations Information Centre (UNIC), Lagos
Tel.:
Web: