1. UBI >> Contents 嵌入式微處理機 Embedded Microprocessors  Time ： Mon. 6, 7, 8 (EE 501)  Evaluation ：  Lab Experiments 50%  Midterm (Operation) 25%  Final (Operation) 25%  Website ： http://ares.ee.nchu.edu.tw/Course.files/epr103 /  References: MSP430 and RX210 user's guides

2. UBI >> Contents Outline  Introductory Overview  MSP430 Architecture  General purpose Input/Output  Device Systems and Operating Modes  Timers  Data Acquisition  Digital-to-Analogue Converter  Direct Memory Access (DMA)  Hardware Multiplier  Communications

3. UBI >> Contents Introductory Overview MSP430 Teaching Materials Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved w.msp430.ubi.pt

4. UBI >> Contents Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt 4 Contents  MSP430 Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) MSP430 Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)  MSP430 Experimenter’s board MSP430Experimenter’s board  eZ430-F2013 eZ430-F2013  MSP-EXP430F5438 MSP-EXP430F5438  Wireless expansion (Chipcon’s RF transceiver chip) Wireless expansion (Chipcon’s RF transceiver chip)  MSP-FET430 Flash Emulation Tool MSP-FET430 Flash Emulation Tool  How to read technical datasheets How to read technical datasheets

5. UBI >> Contents 5 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt MSP430 IDEs (1/2)  Main characteristics of the MSP430 Integrated Development Environments (IDEs);  Available both from TI and third parties;  Special attention will be given to:  Code Composer Essentials v3;  IAR Embedded Workbench (EWB) IDE.  Using an IDE:  Basic functions;  Step by step project development; Structure and management (source files; compiling, assembling and linking operations) of projects developed both in C and/or Assembly language.

6. UBI >> Contents 6 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt MSP430 IDEs (2/2)  A range of software tools are available for the generation of MSP430 source code:  Code Composer Essentials (TI)  IAR EWB - Kickstart ed. (IAR Systems);  CrossStudio (Rowley Associates);  MSPGCC (open-source comunity)...  SwiftX (Forth, Inc.);  HI-TECH (HI-TECH software);  ANSI C (ImageCraft);  Project-430 (Phyton, Inc.);  AQ430 (Quadravox);  …

7. UBI >> Contents 7 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Code Composer Essentials v3 (1/2)  TI’s MSP430 IDE:  It is available as:  A free upgrade for existing v2 users;  Professional version ($499), the main features being: Unlimited code size; Can be ordered from the MSP430 web page; Supported by TI Software Support.  Evaluation Version (Free): 16 kB Limit on C/ASM code size; Download from MSP430 web page; Supported by TI Software Support.

8. UBI >> Contents 8 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Code Composer Essentials v3 (2/2)  New features include:  Free 16 kB code-limited version;  Support for large memory model (Place data >64k);  Enhanced Compatibility with IAR C-code: #pragma (ISR declarations), most intrinsics;  GDB Debugger replaced by TI proprietary debugger that allows faster single stepping;  Hardware Multiplier libraries (16 bits and 32 bits);  CCE v2 project support (auto convert);  Breakpoints: EEM support via unified breakpoint manager; Use of Enhanced Emulation Module (EEM), with predefined Use Cases; Unlimited Breakpoints.

9. UBI >> Contents 9 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Starter kit: Experimenter’s board  Features:  MSP430F2013;  MSP430F5438;  Compatible with TI’s wireless evaluation modules.  Combining 2 MCUs provides nearly every MSP430 peripherals available.  Needs a MSP-FET430 for development

10. UBI >> Contents 10 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt  All 14 input/output pins on the MSP430F2013 are accessible on the MSP-EZ430D target board for easy debugging and interfacing to peripherals;  One of these input/output pins is connected to an LED for visual feedback;  Device features and integrated peripherals:  16-MIPS performance;  16-bit Sigma Delta ADC;  16-bit timer;  Watchdog timer;  Brownout detector;  USI module supporting SPI and I2C;  5 low power modes (0.5 μA standby). Starter kit: eZ430-F2013

11. UBI >> Contents 11 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Starter kit: MSP-EXP430F5438 (1/5)  MSP-EXP430F5438:  MSP430F5438.  New features:  Power Management Module (PMM);  Unified Clock System (UCS);  System (SYS) modules;  Expanded memory/peripheral mapping  Peripheral module enhancements.  Enhanced performance  20 bit address capability;  32 bit Hardware Multiplier.  This board provides the wide range of F5438 peripherals.

12. UBI >> Contents 12 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Starter kit: MSP-EXP430F5438 (2/5)  Device features and integrated peripherals  Device: MSP430F5438: 256 kB + 512 kB flash memory; 16 kB RAM.  Integrated peripherals: Three 16-bit timers; 12-bit SAR Analogue-to-Digital Converter; Direct Memory Access (DMA); Hardware multiplier (supporting 32-Bit operations); Universal Serial Communication Interfaces (USCI): Enhanced UART Supporting Auto-Baudrate; IrDA Encoder and Decoder; Synchronous SPI; I2C™; Real time clock module with alarm capabilities; Temperature sensor; Up to 87 I/O pins.

13. UBI >> Contents 13 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Starter kit: MSP-EXP430F5438 (3/5)  The MSP430F5438 supports I2C and SPI protocols using the USCI and the USI peripherals;  This protocol is used for inter-processor communication;  The link can be disconnected in hardware allowing these peripherals to be used for other communication purposes.  Programming and Debugging:  Can be programmed using any MSP430 Flash Emulation Tool (MSP-FET430xIF);  Wireless expansion:  Compatible with TI Wireless CCxxxXEMK Evaluation Modules, such as the CC2500EMK.  Compatible with TI eZ-RF2500.

14. UBI >> Contents 14 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Starter kit: MSP-EXP430F5438 (4/5)  The demo board has various system clock options that support low and high frequencies.  The MSP430F5438 has integrated an Unified Clock System that provides different clock sources:  Three low-frequency sources: LFXT1; Internal Very Low Power/Low Frequency Oscillator (VLO); Internal Reference Oscillator (REFO).  Internal Digitally Controlled Oscillator (DCO) / Frequency Locked Loop (FLL) for highspeed operation: FLL reference selectable from LFXT1, REFO, or XT2.  ACLK/SMCLK/MCLK can all be driven from any source;  Dedicated MODOSC (internal) used for modules like Flash controller, ADC, among others.

15. UBI >> Contents 15 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Starter kit: MSP-EXP430F5438 (5/5)  MSP-EXP430F5438 demo board jumper and connectors locations:

16. UBI >> Contents 16 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Wireless expansion (Chipcon’s RF transceiver chip)  CC2500EMK Evaluation Module 2.4 GHz:  The CC2500EM evaluation modules are provided with antennas;  These evaluation modules are add-on daughter boards that require a CC2500 development kit for evaluation and development;  It allows to do range testing (PER testing) and transfer data from one PC to another using the SmartRF®04DK, in order to evaluate how well the SmartRF®04 products fit the intended application;  It allows performing RF measurements.

17. UBI >> Contents 17 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt MSP-FET430 Flash Emulation Tool (1/2)  The flash emulation tool (FET) allow the application development on the MSP430 MCU;  There are available two debugging interfaces:  USB port: MSP-FET430UIF;  Parallel port: MSP-FET430PIF.  MSP-FET430UIF flash emulation tool:

18. UBI >> Contents 18 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt MSP-FET430 Flash Emulation Tool (2/2)  Are used to program and debug the MSP430 in-system through the:  4-wire JTAG interface: MSP-FET430PIF and MSP-FET430UIF;  2-wire JTAG interface (Spy Bi-Wire): MSP-FET430UIF.  These debugging tools interface the previously presented MSP430 hardware development tools to the included integrated software environment (CCE or IAR) and include code to start an application.  Both MSP-FET430 supports development with all MSP430 flash devices.

19. UBI >> Contents Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt 19 How to Read Datasheets (1/6)  Manufacturers of electronic components provide datasheets containing the specifications detailing the part/device characteristics;  Datasheets give the electrical characteristics of the device and the pin-out functions, but without detailing the internal operation;  More complex devices are provided with documents that aid the development of applications, such as:  Application notes;  User's guides;  Designer's guides;  Package drawings, etc…

20. UBI >> Contents Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt 20 How to Read Datasheets (2/6)  Datasheets include information:  Concerning the part number of the device or device series;  Electrical characteristics: Maximum and minimum operating voltages; Operating temperature range e.g. 0 to 70 degrees C; Output drive capacity for each output pin, as well as an overall limit for the entire chip; Clock frequencies; Pin out electrical characteristics (capacitance, inductance, resistance); Noise tolerance or the noise generated by the device itself; Physical tolerances…

21. UBI >> Contents Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt 21 How to Read Datasheets (3/6)  MSP430 device datasheet:  Device has a large number of peripherals;  Each input/output pin usually has more than one function;  It has a table with the description of each pin function;  Example, Pin number 2 = P6.3/A3; Digital Input/Output Port 6 bit 3; 3rd analogue input.

22. UBI >> Contents Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt 22 How to Read Datasheets (4/6)  MSP430 User’s Guide:  Most peripherals are represented by Block Diagrams.  Example: Part of the MSP430F44x clock module block diagram:

23. UBI >> Contents Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt 23 How to Read Datasheets (5/6)  MSP430 User’s Guide:  Example: Part of the MSP430F44x clock module block diagram: Detail SELMx;  Multiplexed block: (4 inputs and 1 output): SELMx = 00: Output routed to the 1st multiplexer output; SELMx = 01: Output routed to the second one and so on; SELMx is a 2-bit mnemonic: SELM1 (MSB), SELM0 (LSB).  To use the peripheral, it is necessary to find out how the register(s) need to be configured: SELMx is in the FLL_CTL1 register.

24. UBI >> Contents Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt 24 How to Read Datasheets (6/6)  MSP430 User’s Guide:  SELMx are the 3rd and 4th bits of FLL_CTL1 control register. BitDescription 6SMCLKOFFDisable the submain clock signal (SMCLK): SMCLKOFF = 0SMCLK active SMCLKOFF = 1SMCLK inactive 5XT2OFFDisable the second crystal oscillator (XT2): XT2OFF = 0XT2 active XT2OFF = 1XT2 inactive 4-3SELMxSelect the master clock (MCLK) source: SELM1 SELM0 = 0 0DCO SELM1 SELM0 = 0 1DCO SELM1 SELM0 = 1 0XT2 SELM1 SELM0 = 1 1LFXT1 2SELSSelect the submain clock (SMCLK) source: SELS = 0DCO SELS = 1XT2 1-0FLL_DIVxSelect the auxiliary clock (ACLK) signal divider: FLL_DIV_0 = 0 0Divider factor: /1 FLL_DIV_1 = 0 1Divider factor: /2 FLL_DIV_2 = 1 0Divider factor: /4 FLL_DIV_3 = 1 1Divider factor: /8

25. UBI >> Contents Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt 25 Good software practices for low power consumption (1/2)  C coding tips:  Use local variable as much as possible (Local variables use CPU registers whereas global variables use RAM);  Use unsigned data types where possible;  Use pointers to access structures and unions;  Use “static const” class to avoid run-time copying of structures, unions, and arrays;  Avoid modulo;  Count down “for” loops.

26. UBI >> Contents Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt 26 Good software practices for low power consumption (2/2)  Principles for low power applications:  Maximize the time in standby;  Use interrupts to control program flow;  Replace software functions with peripheral hardware;  Manage the power of internal peripherals;  Manage the power of external devices;  Device choice can make a difference;  Effective code is a must. Every unnecessary instruction executed is a portion of the battery wasted that will never return.

27. UBI >> Contents MSP430 Architecture MSP430 Teaching Materials Texas Instruments Incorporated University of Beira Interior (PT) Pedro Dinis Gaspar, António Espírito Santo, Bruno Ribeiro, Humberto Santos University of Beira Interior, Electromechanical Engineering Department www.msp430.ubi.pt Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt

28. UBI >> Contents 28 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Contents  MSP430 architecture: MSP430 architecture  Main characteristics Main characteristics  Architecture topology Architecture topology  Address space Address space  Interrupt vector table Interrupt vector table  Central Processing Unit (MSP430 CPU) Central Processing Unit (MSP430 CPU)  Central Processing Unit (MSP430X CPU) Central Processing Unit (MSP430X CPU)  Addressing modes Addressing modes  Instructions set Instructions set

29. UBI >> Contents 29 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Introduction  A comprehensive description of the MSP430 architecture, covering its:  Main characteristics;  Device architecture;  Address space;  Interrupt vector table;  Central Processing Unit (MSP430 CPU and MSP430X CPU);  7 seven addressing modes and instruction set composed of: 27 base opcodes; 24 emulated instructions.

30. UBI >> Contents 30 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Microcontroller characteristics  Integration: Able to implement a whole design onto a single chip.  Cost: Are usually low-cost devices (a few $ each);  Clock frequency: Compared with other devices (microprocessors and DSPs), MCUs use a low clock frequency:  MCUs today run up to 100 MHz/100 MIPS (Million Instructions Per Second).  Power consumption: Low power (battery operation);  Bits: 4 bits (older devices) to 32 bits devices;  Memory: Limited available memory, usually less than 1 MByte;  Input/Output (I/O): Low to high (8 to 150) pin-out count.

31. UBI >> Contents 31 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt MSP430 main characteristics (1/3)  Low power consumption:  0.1 A for RAM data retention;  0.8 A for real-time clock mode operation;  250 A/MIPS during active operation.  Low operation voltage (from 1.8 V to 3.6 V);  < 1 s clock start-up;  < 50 nA port leakage;  Zero-power Brown-Out Reset (BOR).

32. UBI >> Contents 32 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt MSP430 main characteristics (2/3)  On-chip analogue features:  10/12/16-bit Analogue-to-Digital Converter (ADC);  12-bit dual Digital-to-Analogue Converter (DAC);  Comparator-gated timers;  Operational Amplifiers (Op Amps);  Supply Voltage Supervisor (SVS).  16 bit RISC CPU:  Compact core design reduces power consumption and cost;  16-bit data bus;  27 core instructions;  7 addressing modes;  Extensive vectored-interrupt capability.

33. UBI >> Contents 33 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt MSP430 main characteristics (3/3)  Flexibility:  Up to 256 kByte Flash;  Up to 100 pins;  USART, I2C, Timers;  LCD driver;  Embedded emulation;  And many more peripherals modules…  Microcontroller performance:  Instruction processing on either bits, bytes or words  Reduced instructions set;  Compiler efficient;  Wide range of peripherals;  Flexible clock system.

34. UBI >> Contents 34 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt MSP430 Architecture  Block diagram:

35. UBI >> Contents 35 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Address Space  Mapped into a single, contiguous address space:  Flash/ROM: All code, tables, and hard-coded constants reside in this memory space.  Information memory: Variables needed for the next power up can be stored here during power down. It can also be used as code memory.  Boot memory: The bootstrap loader performs some of the same functions as the JTAG interface.  RAM: RAM is used for both code and data.  Peripheral Modules: Peripheral modules consist of all on- chip peripheral registers that are mapped into the address space.  Special Function Registers (SFRs): Some peripheral functions are mapped into memory with special dedicated functions.

36. UBI >> Contents 36 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Memory Map

37. UBI >> Contents 37 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Interrupt vector table  Mapped at the very end of memory space (upper 16 words of Flash/ROM): 0FFE0h - 0FFFEh (4xx devices);  Priority of the interrupt vector increases with the word address.

38. UBI >> Contents 38 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Central Processing Unit (MSP430 CPU) (1/7)  RISC (Reduced Instructions Set Computing) architecture:  Instructions are reduced to the basic ones (short set): 27 physical instructions; 24 emulated instructions.  This provides simpler and faster instruction decoding;  Interconnect by using a common memory address bus (MAB) and memory data bus (MDB) - Von Neumann architecture: Makes use of only one storage structure for data and instructions sets. The separation of the storage processing unit is implicit; Instructions are treated as data (programmable).

39. UBI >> Contents 39 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Central Processing Unit (MSP430 CPU) (2/7)  RISC (Reduced Instructions Set Computing) type architecture:  Uses a 3-stage instruction pipeline containing: Instruction decoding; 16 bit ALU; 4 dedicated-use registers; 12 working registers.  Address bus has 16 bit so it can address 64 kB (including RAM + Flash + Registers);  Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU):  Addition, subtraction, comparison and logical (AND, OR, XOR) operations;  Operations can affect the overflow, zero, negative, and carry flags of the SR (Status Register).

40. UBI >> Contents 40 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Central Processing Unit (MSP430 CPU) (3/7)  Incorporates sixteen 16-bit registers: 4 registers (R0, R1, R2 and R3) have dedicated functions; 12 register are working registers (R4 to R15) for general use.  R0: Program Counter (PC):  Points to the next instruction to be read from memory and executed by the CPU.  R1: Stack Pointer (SP):  1st: stack can be used by user to store data for later use (instructions: store by PUSH, retrieve by POP);  2nd: stack can be used by user or by compiler for subroutine parameters (PUSH, POP in calling routine; addressed via offset calculation on stack pointer (SP) in called subroutine);

41. UBI >> Contents 41 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Central Processing Unit (MSP430 CPU) (4/7)  R1: Stack Pointer (SP) (continued):  3rd: used by subroutine calls to store the program counter value for return at subroutine's end (RET);  4th: used by interrupt - system stores the actual PC value first, then the actual status register content (on top of stack) on return from interrupt (RETI) the system get the same status as just before the interrupt happened (as long as none has changed the value on TOS) and the same program counter value from stack.

42. UBI >> Contents 42 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Central Processing Unit (MSP430 CPU) (5/7)  R2: Status Register (SR):  Stores status and control bits;  System flags are changed automatically by the CPU;  Reserved bits are used to support the constant generator. 1514131211109876543210 Reserved for CG1VSCG1SCG0OSCOFFCPUOFFGIENZC BitDescription 8V Overflow bit. V = 1  Result of an arithmetic operation overflows the signed-variable range. 7SCG1 System clock generator 0. SCG1 = 1  DCO generator is turned off – if not used for MCLK or SMCLK 6SCG0 System clock generator 1. SCG0 = 1  FLL+ loop control is turned off 5OSCOFF Oscillator Off. OSCOFF = 1  turns off LFXT1 when it is not used for MCLK or SMCLK 4CPUOFF CPU off. CPUOFF = 1  disable CPU core. 3GIE General interrupt enable. GIE = 1  enables maskable interrupts. 2N Negative flag. N = 1  result of a byte or word operation is negative. 1Z Zero flag. Z = 1  result of a byte or word operation is 0. 0C Carry flag. C = 1  result of a byte or word operation produced a carry.

43. UBI >> Contents 43 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt 43 Copyright 2008 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Central Processing Unit (MSP430 CPU) (6/7)  R2/R3: Constant Generator Registers (CG1/CG2):  Depending of the source-register addressing modes (As) value, six constants can be generated without code word or code memory access to retrieve them.  This is a very powerful feature which allows the implementation of emulated instructions, for example, instead of implement a core instruction for an increment the constant generator is used. RegisterAsConstantRemarks R2 00 - Register mode R2 01 (0) Absolute mode R21000004h+4, bit processing R2 11 00008h +8, bit processing R3 00 00000h 0, word processing R30100001h+1 R31000002h+2, bit processing R3110FFFFh-1, word processing

44. UBI >> Contents 44 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt 44 Copyright 2008 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Central Processing Unit (MSP430 CPU) (7/7)  R4 - R15: General–Purpose Registers:  These general-purpose registers are adequate to store data registers, address pointers, or index values and can be accessed with byte or word instructions.

45. UBI >> Contents 45 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Central Processing Unit (MSP430X CPU) (1/10)  Main features of the MSP430X CPU architecture:  The MSP430X CPU extends the addressing capabilities of the MSP430 family beyond 64 kB to 1 MB;  To achieve this, some changes have been made to the addressing modes and two new types of instructions have been added;  One instruction type allows access to the entire address space, and the other is designed for address calculations;  The MSP430X CPU address bus has 20 bits, although the data bus still has 16 bits. Memory accesses to 8-bit, 16-bit and 20-bit data are supported;  Despite these changes, the MSP430X CPU remains compatible with the MSP430 CPU, having a similar number of registers.

46. UBI >> Contents 46 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt  Organization of the MSP430X CPU:  Although the MSP430X CPU structure is similar to that of the MSP430 CPU, there are some differences that will now be highlighted;  With the exception of the status register SR, all MSP430X registers are 20 bits;  The CPU can now process 20-bit or 16- bit data. Central Processing Unit (MSP430X CPU) (2/10)

47. UBI >> Contents 47 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Central Processing Unit (MSP430X CPU) (3/10)  The MSP430X CPU has 16 registers, some of which have special use:  R0 (PC) Program Counter:  Has the same function as the MSP430 CPU, although now it has 20 bits.  R1 (SP) Stack Pointer:  Has the same function as the MSP430 CPU, although now it has 20 bits.  R2 (SR) Status Register:  Has the same function as the MSP430 CPU, but it still has 16 bits.

48. UBI >> Contents 48 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Central Processing Unit (MSP430X CPU) (4/10)  R2 (SR) Status Register:  Description of the SR bits:

49. UBI >> Contents 49 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Central Processing Unit (MSP430X CPU) (5/10)  R2 (SR/CG1) and R3 (CG2) Constant Generators:  Registers R2 and R3 can be used to generate six different constants commonly used in programming, without adding an additional 16-bit word to the instruction;  The constants are fixed and are selected by the (As) bits of the instruction. (As) selects the addressing mode.  Values of constants generated:

50. UBI >> Contents 50 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Central Processing Unit (MSP430X CPU) (6/10)  R2 (SR/CG1) and R3 (CG2) Constant Generators:  Whenever the operand is one of the six constants, the registers are selected automatically;  Therefore, when used in constant mode, registers R2 and R3 cannot be used as source registers.  R4-R15 – General-purpose registers:  Have the same function as in the MSP430 CPU, although they now have 20 bits;  These registers can process 8-bit, 16-bit or 20-bit data;  If a byte is written to one of these registers it takes bits 7:0, the bits 19:8 are filled with zeroes. If a word is written to one of these registers it takes bits 15:0, the bits 19:16 are filled with zeroes.

51. UBI >> Contents 51 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Central Processing Unit (MSP430X CPU) (7/10)  R4-R15 – General-purpose registers:  Handling byte data (8 bits) using the suffix.B :

52. UBI >> Contents 52 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Central Processing Unit (MSP430X CPU) (8/10)  R4-R15 – General-purpose registers:  Handling word data (16 bits) using the suffix.W :

53. UBI >> Contents 53 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Central Processing Unit (MSP430X CPU) (9/10)  R4-R15 – General-purpose registers:  Manipulation of a 20-bit address using the suffix.A :

54. UBI >> Contents 54 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Addressing modes  7 addressing modes for the source operand:  4 addressing modes for the destination operand:  Register mode; Indexed mode; Symbolic mode; Absolute mode.  For the destination operand, two additional addressing modes can be emulated.

55. UBI >> Contents 55 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Instruction set  27 core instructions;  24 emulated instructions;  The instruction set is orthogonal;  The core instructions have unique opcodes decoded by the CPU, while the emulated ones need assemblers and compilers for their mnemonics;  There are three core-instruction formats:  Double operand;  Single operand;  Program flow control - Jump.

56. UBI >> Contents General Purpose Input/Output MSP430 Teaching Materials Texas Instruments Incorporated University of Beira Interior (PT) Pedro Dinis Gaspar, António Espírito Santo, Bruno Ribeiro, Humberto Santos University of Beira Interior, Electromechanical Engineering Department www.msp430.ubi.pt Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt

57. UBI >> Contents 57 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Contents  I/O Introduction I/O Introduction  I/O port registers I/O port registers  Interruptible ports Interruptible ports

58. UBI >> Contents 58 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt I/O Introduction (1/3)  Up to ten 8-bit digital Input/Output (I/O) ports, P1 to P10 (depending on the MSP430 device);  I/O ports P1 and P2 have interrupt capability;  Each interrupt for these I/O lines can be individually configured:  To provide an interrupt on a rising or falling edge;  All interruptible I/O lines source a single interrupt vector.  The available digital I/O pins for the hardware development tools:  eZ430-F2013: 10 pins - Port P1 (8 bits) and Port P2 (2 bits);  eZ430-RF2500: 32 pins - Port P1 to P4 (8 bits);  Experimenter’s board: 80 pins – Port P1 to P10 (8 bits).

59. UBI >> Contents 59 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt I/O Introduction (2/3)  Each I/O port can be:  Programmed independently for each bit;  Combine input, output, and interrupt functionality;  Edge-selectable input interrupt capability for all 8 bits of ports P1 and P2;  Read/write access to port-control registers is supported by all two- or one-address instructions;  Individually programmable pull-up/pull-down resistor (2xx family only).

60. UBI >> Contents 60 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt I/O Introduction (3/3)  The port pins can be individually configured as I/O for special functions, such as:  USART – Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receive/Transmit for serial data;  Input comparator for analogue signals;  Analogue-to-Digital converter;  Others functions (see specific datasheet for details).

61. UBI >> Contents 61 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Registers (1/6)  Independent of the I/O port type (non-interruptible or interruptible), the operation of the ports is configured by user software, as defined by the following registers:  Direction Registers (PxDIR): Read/write 8-bit registers; Select the direction of the corresponding I/O pin, regardless of the selected function of the pin (general purpose I/O or as a special function I/O); For other module functions, must be set as required by the other function. PxDIR configuration: Bit = 1: the individual port pin is set as an output; Bit = 0: the individual port pin is set as an input.

62. UBI >> Contents 62 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Registers (2/6)  Input Registers (PxIN): When pins are configured as GPIO, each bit of these read-only registers reflects the input signal at the corresponding I/O pin; PxIN configuration: Bit = 1: The input is high; Bit = 0: The input is low; Tip: Avoid writing to these read-only registers because it will result in increased current consumption.

63. UBI >> Contents 63 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Registers (3/6)  Output Registers (PxOUT): Each bit of these registers reflects the value written to the corresponding output pin. PxOUT configuration: Bit = 1: The output is high; Bit = 0: The output is low. –Note: the PxOUT Register is read-write. This means that the previous value written to it can be read back and modified to generate the next output signal.

64. UBI >> Contents 64 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Registers (4/6)  Pull-up/down Resistor Enable Registers (PxREN): Only available for the 2xx family; Each bit of this register enables or disables the pull- up/pull-down resistor of the corresponding I/O pin. PxREN configuration: –Bit = 1: Pull-up/pull-down resistor enabled; –Bit = 0: Pull-up/pull-down resistor disabled. –When pull-up/pull-down resistor is enabled: –In this case Output Registers (PxOUT) select: »Bit = 1: The pin is pulled up; »Bit = 0: The pin is pulled down.

65. UBI >> Contents 65 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Registers (5/6)  Function Select Registers: (PxSEL) and (PxSEL2): Some port pins are multiplexed with other peripheral module functions (see the device-specific datasheet); These bits: PxSEL and PxSEL2 (see specific device datasheet), are used to select the pin function: –I/O general purpose port; –Peripheral module function. PxSEL configuration: Bit = 0: I/O Function is selected for the pin; Bit = 1: Peripheral module function enabled for pin.

66. UBI >> Contents 66 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Registers (6/6)  Function Select Registers: (PxSEL) and (PxSEL2): The 2xx family of devices provide the PxSEL2 bit to configure additional features of the device; The PxSEL and PxSEL2 bits in combination provide the following configuration: –Bit = 0: I/O function is selected for the pin; –Bit = 1: Peripheral module function is selected for the pin. PxSELPxSEL2Pin Function 00Selects general purpose I/O function 01Selects the primary peripheral module function 10Reserved (See device-specific data sheet) 11Selects the secondary peripheral module function Note: P1 and P2 configured as peripheral module function (PxSEL = 1 and/or PxSEL2) -> interrupts disabled.

67. UBI >> Contents 67 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Interruptible ports (P1 and P2) (1/2)  Each pin of ports P1 and P2 is able to make an interrupt request;  Pins are configured with additional registers:  Interrupt Enable (PxIE): Read-write register to enable interrupts on individual pins; PxIE configuration: Bit = 1: The interrupt is enabled; Bit = 0: The interrupt is disabled. Each PxIE bit enables the interrupt request associated with the corresponding PxIFG interrupt flag; Writing to PxOUT and/or PxDIR can result in setting PxIFG.

68. UBI >> Contents 68 Copyright 2009 Texas Instruments All Rights Reserved www.msp430.ubi.pt Interruptible ports (P1 and P2) (2/2)  Interrupt Edge Select Registers (PxIES): Selects the transition on which an interrupt occurs (if PxIE and GIE are set); PxIES configuration: Bit = 1: Interrupt flag is set on a high-to-low transition; Bit = 0: Interrupt flag is set on a low-to-high transition.  Interrupt Flag Registers (PxIFG) Set automatically when an the programmed signal transition (edge) occurs; PxIFG flag can be set and must be reset by software. PxIFG configuration: Bit = 0: No interrupt is pending; Bit = 1: An interrupt is pending.