2. 1914- 1918: The World at War 1914- 1918: The World at War

3. World War I World War I, fought from 1914 to 1918, caused terrible destruction and changed Europe forever. Main Ideas The onset of World War I can be traced to nationalism, imperialism, and the buildup of military forces in Europe. The Allies’ victory over the Central Powers came soon after the United States entered the war. The Treaty of Versailles changed the map of Europe and created resentment.

4. The onset of World War I can be traced to nationalism, imperialism, and the buildup of military forces in Europe.  Nationalism created rivalries among European countries. – People were willing to go to war to prove the superiority of their nation.  Imperialism created intense competition for colonies and their resources.  European countries built large armies to show their strength and to threaten enemies.  Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand caused tension to boil over.  European nations split into two sides: – Central Powers: Austria-Hungary and Germany – Allies: Great Britain, France, and Russia

5. Causes of the War

6. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

7. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

8. The Major Players:1914-17 Nicholas II [Russia] George V [England] President Poincare [France] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [Austria-Hungry] Wilhelm II [Germany] Victor Emmanuel III [Italy] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Ottoman Empire]

9. Europe in 1914

10. 2. Militarism & Arms Race 187018801890190019101914 94130154268289398 Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

11. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

12. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

14. The “Powder Keg” of Europe Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914

15. The “Spark”

16. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

18. The Assassination: Sarajevo

20. The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip

21. Who’s To Blame?

23. Recruits of the Central Powers Austro- Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother

24. New French Recruits

25. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

27. Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”

29. Sacrifices in War

30. The Colonial Fronts

31. Sikh British Soldiers in India

32. Fighting in Africa British Sikh Mountain Gunners Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]

33. Fighting in Africa 3 rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

34. Fighting in Salonika, Greece French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China - 1916

35. The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

36. French Renault Tank

37. British Tank at Ypres

38. U-Boats

39. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

40. The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

41. The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.

42. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

43. The Zeppelin

44. Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

45. Poison Gas “Mustard Gas” Poison Gas “Mustard Gas” Machine Gun