1. An Equal Opportunity University Keeping the Bin-Bursting Grain in Good Condition Sam McNeill Extension Agricultural Engineer UKREC – Princeton, KY 270-365-7541 x 213 Email: sam.mcneill@uky.edu Web: www.bae.uky.edu

2. Soybean ground pile?!

3. Got Storage ?! Stored Grain Management Sanitation Bin Loading practices Aeration Safe Monitoring Web sites for other information

4. Sanitation Equipment Combine(s) Carts/truck beds Handling equipment Dryers Bins

5. Sanitation Outside the bins Remove spilled grain Mow weeds to reduce rodent activity

6. Sanitation Inspect bins Look for daylight shining through holes in roof and walls Seal bottom ring to prevent air leaks Repair as needed

7. S.L.A.M. Stored Grain Management Sanitation Bin Loading practices Aeration Safe Monitoring Web sites for other information

8. Bin Loading Don’t overfill the bin

9. BAE Bin Loading  Manage trash and fines  Control grain damage by combine  Run augers full and ASAP  Clean grain before storage  Use a spreader to fill the bin  Core the bin to remove fines/trash from the center

10. BAE Manage Trash and Fines

11. BAE Core after Filling to Remove BCFM

12. BAE Moisture Migration in Winter 65 O F 45 O F

13. BAE Grain Spoilage from Moisture Migration  Uniform Temperature Prevents moisture migration Preserves product quality

14. S.L.A.M. Stored Grain Management Sanitation Bin Loading practices Aeration Safe Monitoring Web sites for other information

15. BAE Stored Grain Temperatures in KY

16. BAE Aeration Cooling Cycle

17. BAE Estimated Time for Aeration Cycles (Hours) hp / 10 kbu 1 hp 10 hp 5 hp

18. BAE Cost of One Aeration Cycle Example for 10 kbu bin @ 10¢/kwh Fan Hp HoursCost $ Cost ¢/bu 120020.000.20 54020.000.20 102020.000.20

19. BAE Typical 5 Day Forecast in January Source: wpsdtv.com Avg. Hi: 46 Lo: 33 5d: 40

20. BAE Date Hourly Temperatures for Princeton, KY 263014.5 Total fan hours = 70.5

21. BAE Off-the-shelf Fan Control with Thermostats HOUR METER HEATING THERMOSTAT COOLING THERMOSTAT FAN RELAY Sept. 55 - 65 Oct. 45 - 55 Nov. 35 - 45

22. BAE Commercial Fan Controllers opistormax.com agsense.net agridryllc.com

23. 23 Carol Jones, PhD. Stored Product Engineering Biosystems and Ag. Engr. Dept. Stillwater, OK RH and Temp Controllers Partial list of vendors –OPI –The Boone Group –AgriDry Rimik –GSI –Caldwell/Chief-Agri

24. UMN Fan Program webapps.bbe.umn.edu/fans/ What do you need to know? – Bin Diameter, height and type of floor – Desired airflow (cfm/bu) – Grain type – Fan (s) Motor size and fan type…select from 200+ fans Specify fan arrangement What does the program generate? – Bushels, airflow, and static pressure at 3-ft increments – Table or graph form(s)

26. Fan Performance (CFM vs SP) webapps.bbe.umn.edu/fans/

27. DepthBushelsAirflow cfm Airflow cfm/bu S. P. in H2O 3434334,6708.00.8 6868633,3703.81.5 913,03032,2702.52.1 1217,37031,1801.82.7 1521,71530,1601.43.2 1826,06029,1801.13.7 2130,40028,2300.94.1 2437,44527,1800.84.4 2739,09026,2200.74.7 3043,43025,3600.65.0 3346,77024,7600.55.3

28. webapps.bbe.umn.edu/fans/

29. S.L.A.M. Stored Grain Management Sanitation Bin Loading practices Aeration Safe Monitoring Web sites for other information

30. BAE How often should I check my grain?

31. BAE Temperature Cable System 1. Thermocouple sensor cables 2. Cable suspension system 3. Leadwire extension 4. Readout plug 5. Display instrument D A B C A D C B

32. BAE Automated Insect Monitoring Automated Insect Monitoring www.opistormax.com

33. BAE Automated Insect Monitoring

34. 34 OPIGIMAC Temperature and Insect Monitoring, Aeration Fan Control System

35. BAE Equilibrium Moisture Conditions for Corn

36. 36 Carol Jones, PhD. Stored Product Engineering Biosystems and Ag. Engr. Dept. Stillwater, OK Monitoring Systems Manual Readout and log book Data Logger with manual plug in to thermocouples Computer interfaced automatic monitoring Least expensive Most expensive

37. 37 Carol Jones, PhD. Stored Product Engineering Biosystems and Ag. Engr. Dept. Stillwater, OK Cost Estimates Aeration System: 6.0 – 12.0 ¢/bu Controller: 0.3 – 1.0 ¢/bu Temperature Cables: 0.3 – 1.0 ¢/bu

38. BAE When Inspecting Stored Grain Always Work in Pairs !

39. BAE Grain Inspection Tools 1. PPE – harness / dust masks 2. Bucket / plastic bags 3. Thermometer 4. Grain probe 5. Portable moisture meter 6. Psychrometer

40. BAE Bin Rescue in Spring 2005

41. Resources 1.Midwest Plan Service www.mwps.org www.mwps.org 2.Agricultural Engineering Departments in Midwest…at UK www.bae.uky.eduwww.bae.uky.edu 3.GEAPS www.geaps.org www.geaps.org 4.USDA Grain Lab in KS www.ars.usda.gov www.ars.usda.gov 5.GrainNet www.grainnet.com www.grainnet.com

43. Questions? Thanks for your attention…

44. What is REAP / GOAP? The Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) is offered through the USDA Rural Development The Kentucky Ag Development Fund provided money for state projects Provides assistance to agricultural and rural small businesses for energy efficiency improvements or renewable energy installations

45. Past Projects—Example 1 Grain Dryer  Controller upgrade – $3,078 per year savings – 14.0 year payback Controller upgrades typically yield better paybacks due to lower initial cost and high price of over drying grain

46. Past Projects—Example 2 Grain Dryer  Replacement of old dryer with new energy efficiency model – $1,431 per year savings – 20.2 year payback Old Dryer New Dryer