1. School of Water Sciences School of Water Sciences Cranfield University

2. School of Water Sciences Look at processes that make water suitable for drinking or treat waste water before it is discharged to rivers and seas

3. School of Water Sciences Where do we work? Cranfield sewage works Pilot Hall

4. School of Water Sciences Where do we work? Or…Cranfield Labs Jar Tester

5. School of Water Sciences Where do we work? Or…Placements in the UK Albert Reservoir, Halifax

6. School of Water Sciences Where do we work? Or…Placements abroad Rocky Mountains, Colorado

7. School of Water Sciences Presentation Talk about water and pollution. Talk about some of the processes used to treat the water before you drink it. Show you some of the processes in action.

8. School of Water Sciences Water facts 18 million litres provided to 58 million people in the UK every day 2200 Water Treatment Works 400,000 km of mains pipework

9. School of Water Sciences Why is water important? It’s Everywhere!

10. School of Water Sciences Not all of the water is drinkable

11. School of Water Sciences What things pollute water? –Human waste

12. School of Water Sciences What things pollute water? –Human waste –Animal waste

13. School of Water Sciences What things pollute water? –Human waste –Animal waste –Fertilisers and pesticides

14. School of Water Sciences What things pollute water? –Human waste –Animal waste –Fertilisers and pesticides –Chemicals from industry –Gases from industry

15. School of Water Sciences How do pollutants affect water? Taste Smell Colour Health

16. School of Water Sciences The Water Cycle Water Treatment Wastewater Treatment

17. School of Water Sciences Contaminants 1. Colour (Organic matter) 2. Particles (Turbidity) 3. Algae 4. Parasites (Cryptosporidium) 5. And more…..

18. School of Water Sciences Algae Blue Green Algae from Rutland Water Microcystis aeruginosa

19. School of Water Sciences More algae Asterionella Microcyctis Nitzshia Stephanodiscus

20. School of Water Sciences Cryptosporidium Oocysts Protozoan parasite found in man, many other mammals and also in birds, fish and reptiles Regulation is one oocyst in 10 litres Trial of human volunteers(!) reported that half were infected by a dose of just 10 oocysts.

21. School of Water Sciences Effects of Cryptosporidium

22. School of Water Sciences Colour … Into Tap Water! Turn river water…

23. School of Water Sciences Coagulation and flocculation Add chemicals and Fast mix Slow Mix

24. School of Water Sciences Dissolved Air Flotation Add air Clean Water sludge

25. School of Water Sciences Filtration Anthracite Sand Gravel But is this safe to drink now? NO!!

26. School of Water Sciences Disinfection Chlorine

27. School of Water Sciences Questions…. What % of the worlds population is without safe drinking water? What percentage of the water treated is used for drinking and cooking? You could live for a month without food- how long could you live without water? How many tonnes of pollutants pour into lakes and rivers each day in the US alone? 25% 1% Less than 1 week 500

28. School of Water Sciences Thank you for listening….. ……Any Questions so far?