2. What is wastewater? How much wastewater do you think NYC produces per day?

3. What is wastewater? 1 billion gallons per day!

4. NYC Treatment Costs Technique Brief Description and Advantages vs. Disadvantages Cost Adjusting pH Adding acid or base to __________ water into the ______ pH range. [H 3 O + ] > [OH - ][H 3 O + ] < [OH - ][H 3 O + ]=[OH - ] ACIDICNEUTRALBASIC 0714 Adding H+ to make H 3 O + Adding OH- neutralize 6.5-8.5 $38

5. Filtration

6. Filtration

7. Filtration

8. NYC Treatment Costs Technique Brief Description and Advantages vs. Disadvantages Cost Filtration Removes _____________ solids by passing the water through a porous filter. Cost due mostly to the energy used to _________ large amounts of water. Costs would be lower (____ less) if the solids were not suspended (easier to separate). suspended move 2/3 $6000

9. Batch = one pot / flaskContinuous = keep feeding water If you have lots of water Distillation

10. NYC Treatment Costs Technique Brief Description and Advantages vs. Disadvantages Cost Distillation Removes _____________ solids (i.e. NaCl, NO3-) and bacteria. Uses large of amounts of energy for boiling and must move large amounts of cooling water or air to ___________ the purified water vapor. Requires pH & TSS pre-treatment. dissolved condense $5700

11. Reverse Osmosis Bacteria or dissolved solids

12. NYC Treatment Costs Technique Brief Description and Advantages vs. Disadvantages Cost Reverse Osmosis (RO) Removes dissolved solids (i.e. NaCl, NO3-) by passing water through a semi-permeable membrane under high pressure. Requires pH and TSS pre-treatment. Though fairly cheap to build, RO plants are expensive to _________ due to the high pressures needed (energy used to ________ the water). operate pump $5300

14. 54321 5/9 Wastewater Engineering Sit with your PSA Video groups by Table # Take out 20b notes and the Wastewater Engineering Challenge from the sink handles 1)Which two of the following four methods treat the same type of contamination: reverse osmosis, filtering, distillation, adjusting pH 2)If something on sale costs 1/3 less, what is the final price if the original price was $12,000? 3)Complete the conversion: 2 ft = ???? inches

15. What is wastewater? How much wastewater does NYC produce in one day?

16. What is wastewater? 1 billion gallons per day! (that’s 1000 swimming pools)

17. Today’s Challenge 1 st - You are a water quality engineer responsible for cleaning 1 million gallons of wastewater per day from 800 people. Your job is to provide this service in the most sustainable way. 2 nd - A salesman from Integrated Engineers tells you his product will save you a lot of money. You need to figure out if that’s true or not by testing the product. 3 rd - Your goal is to write a letter to the city council evaluating the best combination of treatment options and whether you would use the product.

18. Engineering Challenge PROBLEM CRITERIA FOR SUCCESS CONSTRAINTS Wastewater needs to be treated You need to determine the effectiveness of the Floccin™ determine most sustainable (3E’s) treatment plan for the city Potable to EPA standards pH adjustment filtration OR filtration with Floccin™ distillation OR reverse osmosis

19. Procedure & Data Collection 1) Complete pre-test column of data table 2) Add Floccin to water and stir for 60 seconds 3) Complete post-test column of data table 4) Complete the Floccin Cost Calculation

21. Floccin Cost Analysis: Calculate how much it would cost the city to use the Floccin product daily. The city needs to treat 1,000,000 gal per day. Every gallon of contaminated water requires about 2 g of Floccin. Every 1 g of Floccin costs $0.00025. Use conversion factors. … Calculate Floccin Cost TDS

22. Evaluating Treatment Options How do we decide what makes one treatment method better than another? What evidence do I need to know in order to advise the city council? How do Engineers weigh all of the pros and cons when making decisions?

23. Evaluating Treatment Options 38 6000 5700 11,738 0

24. Recommendation to NYC Council  Use your results to evaluate the effectiveness of the Floccin  Recommend the most sustainable wastewater treatment plan from among the following techniques: pH adjustment, distillation, reverse osmosis, and filtration with or without floccin)  Defend your recommendation using analysis of Economic Impact (cost) and Environmental impacts. You should refer back to engineering ideas (handout ___ ) and relevant water chemistry 19

26. Flocculants Flocculants are long polymer molecules The molecules stick to the solids in the dirty water to make high density flocs or aggregates