1. 28-2: The Arab-Israeli Conflict By: Deric M., Marc F.

2. _______ _______ _______ _______Conflict Lasted more than 50 years Lasted more than 50 years Conflict between Arab nations & State of Israel causing attention to the Middle East Conflict between Arab nations & State of Israel causing attention to the Middle East During fighting: During fighting: 4 wars & launched numerous guerilla attacks 4 wars & launched numerous guerilla attacks Both sides worked toward peace, but peace process would unravel as new fighting erupted Both sides worked toward peace, but peace process would unravel as new fighting erupted

3. __ _______ __ _____ __ _______ __ _____ __ _______ __ _____ __ _______ __ _____ The Founding of Israel After WWII violence between Arabs & Jews in the British Mandate of Palestine increased After WWII violence between Arabs & Jews in the British Mandate of Palestine increased Thousands of Jewish Refugees left Europe for Palestine Thousands of Jewish Refugees left Europe for Palestine Refugees – people who flee their homeland to seek safety somewhere else Refugees – people who flee their homeland to seek safety somewhere else Palestinian Arabs were not willing to give their homeland for wrongs done to Jews in Europe(Hitler) Palestinian Arabs were not willing to give their homeland for wrongs done to Jews in Europe(Hitler)

4. ___ ___ ___ ___ Cont. Exhausted by WWII, Britain gave Palestine to the UN Exhausted by WWII, Britain gave Palestine to the UN 1947- UN recommended Palestine be partitioned 1947- UN recommended Palestine be partitioned May 1948- Jews announce creation of Israel May 1948- Jews announce creation of Israel Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Iraq and Lebanon declared war immediately Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Iraq and Lebanon declared war immediately Israel defeated Arab forces and took half of Jerusalem Israel defeated Arab forces and took half of Jerusalem

5. Palestinian Refugees 500,000 Arabs fled out of Palestine after 1948 war 500,000 Arabs fled out of Palestine after 1948 war UN refugee camps became permanent homes for the refugees UN refugee camps became permanent homes for the refugees Palestinian leaders refused to abandon the camps Palestinian leaders refused to abandon the camps

6. Continued Conflict 1956- Israel, Britain and France attacked Egypt for the Suez Canal 1956- Israel, Britain and France attacked Egypt for the Suez Canal Israel occupied Sinai Peninsula Israel occupied Sinai Peninsula 1967- 3 rd Arab-Israeli war occurred 1967- 3 rd Arab-Israeli war occurred Israel took the Gaza Strip(Egypt), Golan Heights(Syria), West Bank(Jordan) and East Jerusalem Israel took the Gaza Strip(Egypt), Golan Heights(Syria), West Bank(Jordan) and East Jerusalem 1973- Syria and Egypt attacked Israel but failed to gain any land 1973- Syria and Egypt attacked Israel but failed to gain any land

7. _________ __________ _________ __________ Superpower Involvement United States backed Israel United States backed Israel Soviet Union backed Syria, Iraq and Egypt Soviet Union backed Syria, Iraq and Egypt Both provided weapons and economic aid Both provided weapons and economic aid Palestinians lived in occupied territories – land ceased by Israel during 1967 war Palestinians lived in occupied territories – land ceased by Israel during 1967 war 1964- Palestinians formed Palestine Liberation Organization(PLO) 1964- Palestinians formed Palestine Liberation Organization(PLO) Goal to reclaim Palestine and destroy Israel Goal to reclaim Palestine and destroy Israel PLO committed bombings and hijackings PLO committed bombings and hijackings PLO attacks brought reprisals- forceful attacks in response to injury PLO attacks brought reprisals- forceful attacks in response to injury

8. Building a Nation Israel is one of the two democracies in the Middle East Israel is one of the two democracies in the Middle East Geography and People; Geography and People; Size of New Jersey Size of New Jersey 90% live in urban areas 90% live in urban areas Ashkenazim(Eastern European Jews) Ashkenazim(Eastern European Jews) Sephardim(Mediteranean/ Middle Eastern Jews) Sephardim(Mediteranean/ Middle Eastern Jews) 15% non Jews(Christians/Arab Muslims) 15% non Jews(Christians/Arab Muslims)

9. Economic Development Israel has a mixed economy Israel has a mixed economy Lack of resources and water Lack of resources and water Aid from United States greatly assisted the economy Aid from United States greatly assisted the economy Negev desert full of irrigation pipelines Negev desert full of irrigation pipelines Developed high technology industries such as Aerospace equipment Developed high technology industries such as Aerospace equipment Remain dependent on imports for basic goods Remain dependent on imports for basic goods

10. Struggle to Achieve Peace After 1948 Arab nations refused to recognize or negotiate with Israel After 1948 Arab nations refused to recognize or negotiate with Israel Supported terrorist activities against Israel and called for its destruction Supported terrorist activities against Israel and called for its destruction Israeli leaders rejected idea of Palestinian state that threatened Israel’s security Israeli leaders rejected idea of Palestinian state that threatened Israel’s security Egypt became the first Arab nation to recognize Israel Egypt became the first Arab nation to recognize Israel 1987- Palestinians organized strikes against Israeli soldiers and civilians 1987- Palestinians organized strikes against Israeli soldiers and civilians Intifada – “the shaking” Intifada – “the shaking”

11. Cont. Israeli troops destroyed homes of suspected rebels and closed Arab schools Israeli troops destroyed homes of suspected rebels and closed Arab schools During Intifada Palestinians joined forces such as Hamas and Islamic Jihad During Intifada Palestinians joined forces such as Hamas and Islamic Jihad Groups called for destruction of Israel and used terrorism Groups called for destruction of Israel and used terrorism Most difficult issue between Palestinian and Israeli leaders was the status of occupied territories Most difficult issue between Palestinian and Israeli leaders was the status of occupied territories Many supported the PLO leader Yassir Arafat who called for destruction of Israel Many supported the PLO leader Yassir Arafat who called for destruction of Israel Israel refused to talk to PLO because of terrorist activities Israel refused to talk to PLO because of terrorist activities

12. Cont. Israel encouraged Jewish settlers to move into the occupied lands Israel encouraged Jewish settlers to move into the occupied lands Angered Palestinians Angered Palestinians 1993-Hopes for peace revived when Israel and PLO agreed to Oslo Accords 1993-Hopes for peace revived when Israel and PLO agreed to Oslo Accords Israel and PLO agreed to recognize each other Israel and PLO agreed to recognize each other PLO promised to stop attacking Israel PLO promised to stop attacking Israel Israel promised to withdraw its forces Israel promised to withdraw its forces Yassir Afarat became head of Palestinian Authority Yassir Afarat became head of Palestinian Authority

13. Return of Violence Israel and Jordan signed peace agreement Israel and Jordan signed peace agreement Israel and Syria could not reach an agreement about Golan Heights Israel and Syria could not reach an agreement about Golan Heights Palestinian terrorists attack both military targets and Israeli civilians Palestinian terrorists attack both military targets and Israeli civilians Palestinians felt methods were entirely justified Palestinians felt methods were entirely justified March 2002- Israel invaded Palestinian areas of West Bank March 2002- Israel invaded Palestinian areas of West Bank

14. Unresolved Issues 1980- Israel made Jerusalem its capital 1980- Israel made Jerusalem its capital Palestinians wanted East Jerusalem to be the capital of Palestinian state Palestinians wanted East Jerusalem to be the capital of Palestinian state Both sides believed religious teaching justified their cause resulting in bloodshed Both sides believed religious teaching justified their cause resulting in bloodshed

15. Art of Peace Bushra Jawabri Bushra Jawabri Young Palestinian woman refugee Young Palestinian woman refugee Belongs to Seeds of Peace Belongs to Seeds of Peace Organization that brings together young people from war torn lands Organization that brings together young people from war torn lands Goal is to be “a training ground for peace” Goal is to be “a training ground for peace”