1. Unit 32 Agriscience: Fundamentals and Applications
The Food Industry
Unit 32
Agriscience: Fundamentals and Applications

2. Introduction Food is all around us!
The food industury: that industry involved in the
Production
Processing
Storage
Preparation
Distribution
Human, pet, and animal food all must follow a chain of people, places, equipment, regulations and resources to change farm products into the foods we ENJOY!!

3. The Economic Scope of the Food Industry
When we buy groceries or purchase a hamburger at a fast food joint, where does most of our dollar go?
To the producer who raised the beef, grain or vegetables?
There are many businesses and individuals that join the farmer in dividing up our food dollars

4. The Path Food Takes to Get to YOU!
Producer
Harvester
Packer/Processor
Consumer
Distributor
Retailer
Wholesaler

5. The Economic Chain
Your purchase sends signals down the economic chain to replace that food for your next purchase

6. Your Food $
Money spent on food and fiber in the US provides 20% of our working population
Where you spend your money also influences who gets how much

7. Your Food $$$
More meals are eaten outside the home today than a generation ago
Convenience foods for use at home are more in demand

8. Your Food $$$ How many times(days) a week do you eat out?
Why do you make that choice?
How has our change in lifestyles and shift to families with two or more people employed outside the home influenced how and what we eat?

9. Quality Assurance

10. Grading and Inspecting
We are accustomed to high quality food in every state and every store
This is due to the grading system that has been established by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Grades are based on quality standards
Grades also improve acceptability of products by the consumer

11. Grades Cont… These grades indicate Freshness Potential flavor Texture
Uniformity in size and weight (depending on the commodity)

12. Sanitation
Additonal quality-assurance programs administered by the USDA include inspection of slaughtering houses and processing plants and oversight of processing operations
USDA oversees food labeling and enforces regulations regarding representation on labels
The USDA, US Public Health Service and US Food and Drug Administration all work together to ensure the safety of food and food products.
They have inspectors and regulate the conditions to ensure sanitation and safe food handling, especially in resturants and food-preparation areas

13. Commodity Groups and Their Origins

14. What Food Are Grown Where
Food is grown all over the WORLD!
Climatic conditions once dictated where certain foods were grown
Technology has allowed us to grow foods where they once never would
For example food production in the US has always been influenced by geography and climate

15. What Foods Are Grown Where
Since early times when humans traveled and traded foods have been introduced outside the areas where they were grown naturally
For example, the soybean has origins in China and is still produced and consumed there.
However, the major soybean producers of today are the United States, Brazil and western Europe

16. What Foods Are Grown Where
Modern technology is allowing producers to raise crops in controlled conditions
See fig 32-9 to see the major agricultural regions of the United States

17. Crop Commodities

18. Grains Wheat: cooler climates
Corn: warmer climates, but the many varieties now allow it to be grown in every state in the Union
Rice: production is limited to where there are proper climatic conditons

19. Oil Crops The invisible food products
Soybeans, corn, cotton, flax, sunflowers, coconut, peppermint and spearmint are all significant oil crops in the US
US is a leader in the production of soybean, corn, cotton and peanut oils
Sunflowers are native the US and are growing in importance

20. Crop Commodities Sugar Crops Sugar beets and sugar cane
Corn is a secodary source
Sugar beets are grown in Minnesota, Colorado, California
Sugar cane is grown in Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana

21. Citrus Oranges, limes, lemons, grapefruit
Florida, Texas, Arizona, California

22. Tree Fruits Variety depends type of weather conditions required
Apples and pears require cooler conditions and do well in mountainous regions such as Washington
Bananas require very warm conditions and do best in tropical areas

23. Vegetables and Berries
Consumed shortly after harvest or processed by canning, freezing or drying for future consumption
Vegetables require different climates
Cool climate veggies: cabbage, broccoli, potatoes, cauliflower
Warm climate veggies: beans, tomatoes, sweet corn

24. Meat Commodities

25. Meat Commodities
Animals too are raised in locations with some regard to the climatic conditions
Artificial heating and cooling is expensive
Large amounts of water must be available
Minimizing artificial conditions also helps to minimize the cost of production

26. Beef Most is raised near corn
Over half the corn in the US is grown in Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois and Minnesota
Therefore beef is extensively raised in the Midwest
Open ranges in the western US are another important beef raising area

27. Pork Corn is a primary feed
Primary area for hog production is the midwestern US
Mid-Atlantic and southern states are also important hog producing states

28. Lamb
Range states of the far west

29. Dairy Products Wisconsin California
The dairy industry is extensive in the Northern United States
California
Large industry with many co-ops and processing plants

30. Game Each state has native game
Whether it is harvested as an agricultural product depends on the demand for it
SD—Pheasant, Deer, Antelope, Fish

31. Seafood
States that border the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and Gulf of Mexico
Aquaculture is also allowing the production of fish in the interior states

32. Poultry Can be raised in a variety of settings
Typically raised indoors
Most raised in the mid-Atlantic and southern states

33. Operations Within the Food Industry

34. Harvesting
Taking a product from a plant where it was grown or produced
It is important that the crop be harvested in a timely and careful manner
The crop must be at the correct stage of maturity to ensure that it is not over or underripe

35. Processing and Handling
The steps involved in turning raw agricultural products into an attractive and consumable food
Processing factories and plants clean, dry, weigh, refrigerate, preserve, store and turn a commodity into a variety of other products

36. Transporting Variety of transportation is used by the food industry
Transportation of fresh and processed food products makes up 5.5% of the marketing cost within the food industry in the United States
Timing and the distance that foods must travel contribute to the ultimate cost of the foods.

37. Transporting
Efficency of transportation influences food quality in terms of freshness and spoilage
Insulated and refrigerated trucks enable food products to move in fresh form to most parts of the country year-round.
This luxary is not available to most people in the world.

38. Transporting Approx. 90% of our perishable food is shipped by truck
Much of the less perishable foods such as wheat, potatoes and beets are shipped by rail
Air transportation allows us to enjoy perishable foods from distant regions and countries
For example: pineapples and papayas

39. Transporting
How far the food was shipped, how it was wrapped, how long it was in transit, how warm it became during transport all influence ultimate food quality

40. Marketing
Wholesalers purchase food products from packing houses, processors, fish markets and produce terminals
They in turn sell to retailers and institutions such as hospitals, schools, resturants and retail stores
They are important links in food chain before the food is purchased by the consumer

41. Retail Stores Many types
Superstores, conventional supermarkets, limited-assortment and box stores, convenience stores, nonconventional food stores, corner stores, food cooperatives, farmers markets, road-side stands

42. The Food Industry of the Future
Ever changing
New food products
New processing and perserving techniques
New equipment for harvesting labor-intensive crops
Improved harvesting equipment for products such as grapes is being tested to lower labor cost of such crops.
Convenience foods will continue to play a larger role in the food chain
USDA and other agencies will continue vigilance regarding food safety and nutritional standards at all steps of the food chain
Assign student activity # 2, 3, 7